Dataset Information

OVERWEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To verify the occurrence of overweight in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria and to identify possible causal factors. DATA SOURCES:A systematic review was performed in the SciELO, PubMed and VHL databases using the descriptors "Phenylketonurias", "Overweight", "Child" and "Adolescent". Original articles conducted with children and adolescents, published between 2008 and 2018 in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages were included. DATA SYNTHESIS:A total of 16 articles were identified and, after screening procedures, 6 studies were selected for the review. Overweight in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria was a frequent occurence in the studies included in this review, ranging from 7.8 to 32.6%. The female sex was the most affected by the nutritional disorder. Furthermore, a high caloric intake combined with a lack of stimuli to practice physical activities were main factors associated with the excessive weight in the population of interest. CONCLUSIONS:Excess weight can be considered a common outcome in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria. It is mainly caused by inadequate food consumption and sedentary lifestyle. The importance of early identification of nutritional disturbances in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria should be emphasized, in order to prevent associated chronic diseases and to promote health by encouraging continued healthy eating habits and the regular practice of physical exercises.

SUBMITTER: Sena BDS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7063595 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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OVERWEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Sena Berilany Dos Santos BDS Andrade Maria Izabel Siqueira de MIS Silva Ana Paula Ferreira da APFD Dourado Keila Fernandes KF Silva Andressa Laís Ferreira ALF

Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo 20200309

<h4>Objective</h4>To verify the occurrence of overweight in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria and to identify possible causal factors.<h4>Data sources</h4>A systematic review was performed in the SciELO, PubMed and VHL databases using the descriptors "Phenylketonurias", "Overweight", "Child" and "Adolescent". Original articles conducted with children and adolescents, published between 2008 and 2018 in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages were included.<h4>Data synthesis</h4>A tot ...[more]

PMID: 32159642

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Project description:Introduction:Recently, childhood and adolescence overweight/obesity has increased disproportionately in developing countries, with estimates predicting a parallel increase in future cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden identifiable in childhood and adolescence. Identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) associated with childhood and adolescence overweight/obesity is pivotal in tailoring preventive interventions for CVD. Whilst this has been examined extensively in high-income countries, there is scant consistent or representative data from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objective:This scoping review synthesises contemporary studies on CVRF associated with overweight and obesity in SSA children and adolescents to provide evidence on the current burden of overweight/obesity and CVD in this population. Methods:We searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar up to July 31, 2019 for observational and experimental studies and systematic reviews addressing childhood and adolescence overweight/obesity and CVRF in SSA without language restriction. Four investigators working in four pairs, independently selected and extracted the relevant data. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed. Results:We included 88 studies with a total of 86,637children and adolescents from 20 SSA countries. The risk of bias was low in 62 (70.5%), moderate 18 (20.5%), and high in eight (9%) studies. Overweight/obesity in SSA children and adolescents is rising at an alarming rate. Its main associations include physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, high socio-economic status, gender and high maternal body mass index. Identified CVRF in overweight/obese SSA children and adolescents are mainly metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and glucose intolerance. There is a dearth of guidelines or consensus on the management of either childhood overweight/obesity or CVRF in overweight/obese SSA children and adolescents. Conclusion:The current findings suggest an urgent need to review current health policies in SSA countries. Health education and transforming the current obesogenic environment of the SSA child and adolescent into one which promotes physical activity and healthy dietary habits is required.

Project description:ImportanceTime-trend studies of overweight and obesity in childhood by sociodemographic factors are important for prioritizing public health initiatives. However, little is known about these trends in Spain, where high levels of obesity are found and where important demographic changes have occurred during the last 2 decades.ObjectiveTo examine how time trends in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents differ by age, sex, socioeconomic status, urban/rural residence, and nationality.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study included 1.1 million children and adolescents (aged 2-17 years) with at least 1 measure of height and weight in Catalonia, Spain, from 2006 to 2016. Electronic health records were accessed from the Information System for Research in Primary Care. Data analysis was conducted from January to December 2018.Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence and incidence rates and trends of overweight/obesity and obesity (overweight/obesity defined as having of BMI z score greater than 2.0 among children aged <5 years and greater than 1.0 among children aged ≥5 years; obesity defined as having of BMI z score greater than 3.0 among children aged <5 years and greater than 2.0 among children aged ≥5 years) between 2006 and 2016 were calculated and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics (ie, age, sex, deprivation index, urban/rural residence, and nationality).ResultsThe study population included 1 166 609 children and adolescents (570 982 [48.9%] girls; median [interquartile range] age at entry to electronic health record system, 2.4 [0-7.7] years; 1 006 892 [86.3%] with Spanish nationality). Of 941 041 children (80.7%) who lived in urban areas, 197 427 (20.7%) lived in the most deprived areas. Overall, the prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity decreased between 2006 and 2016 in all sex and age groups; for example, among boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years, overweight/obesity prevalence decreased from 41.9% (95% CI, 41.5%-42.2%) to 39.9% (95% CI, 39.6%-40.3%) and from 39.7% (95% CI, 39.3%-40.2%) to 37.6% (95% CI, 37.3%-38.0%), respectively. Incidence rates of overweight/obesity and obesity were highest among children aged 6 to 7 years (overweight/obesity among boys: 11.9 [95% CI, 11.8-12.0] new cases per 100 person-years; obesity among boys: 4.9 [95% CI, 4.8-4.9] new cases per 100 person-years). Prevalence and incidence rates were highest in the most deprived areas, in urban areas, and among children with North, Central, or South American nationalities. Between 2006 and 2016, prevalence increased in the most deprived areas in almost all sex and age groups. Among girls aged 6 to 11 years living in the most deprived areas, the obesity prevalence ratio increased from 1.59 (95% CI, 1.46-1.74) to 2.03 (95% CI, 1.88-2.19) compared with those living in the least deprived areas. Furthermore, during this period, prevalence increased among children with non-Spanish nationalities, especially in the African and Asian nationality groups (eg, boys aged 6-11 years with Asian nationality compared with Spanish nationality, 2006: prevalence rate, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.60-1.01]; 2016: prevalence rate, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.15-1.39]). Incidence rates decreased among younger groups (eg, ≤7 years: incidence rate ratio for January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2011, vs July 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016: 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98) but remained stable in older groups.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, the overall prevalence and incidence rates of childhood overweight/obesity and obesity slightly decreased during the last decade. However, increased deprivation disparities in childhood obesity were found, given that the prevalence increased among children living in deprived areas and with non-Spanish nationalities.

Project description:Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore multidimensional factors related to childhood obesity and overweight based on the data gathered on different aspects of the general health status were assessed among a large number of Iranian children and adolescents in the fourth phase of the "Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease" survey. It also aims to determine the degree to which each ecological context contributes to childhood overweight/obesity. Method: A total of 14,880 students and their parents were recruited. They filled out a questionnaire on their relationship with peers, body image, and psychosocial environment of school, dietary habits, life-style habits, physical activity pattern and socioeconomic status (SES). Their height, weight, was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity and overweight was defined based on the WHO growth chart. Multilevel modeling using three-level random intercept logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of overweight and obesity. In our hierarchical models, children (first level) were conceptualized as being nested within provinces (second level) and provinces within quad regions (third level). Result: From among the 13,486 recruited students, 9.7% were overweight and 11.9% were obese. In multivariate model (adjusted model), being boy (OR:1.58), living in urban area (OR:1.58), having positive family history of obesity (OR = 2.04), breakfast skipping (OR: 1.46), socioeconomic status (OR moderateSES/lowSES = 1.44 and OR highSES/lowSES = 1.89), and birth weight (BW) (OR normalBW/lowBW = 1.33 and OR highBW/lowBW = 1.8) were associated with childhood obesity. Increasing age was the only factor in the obesity model that had a significant preventive effect on the odds of becoming obese (OR = 0.96, P < 0.001). In multivariate model, living in urban area, increasing age, high and moderate SES, high BW and family history of obesity were the significant predictors of overweight. Conclusion: Our findings show that high BW, sociodemographic characteristics, breakfast skipping, and family history of obesity are associated with childhood obesity and overweight. Therefore, developing strategies that consider the effects of diverse sociodemographic and environmental factors on childhood overweight and obesity would be the most effective way to prevent and manage this multifactorial health concern.

Dataset Information

OVERWEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Publications

OVERWEIGHT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

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