Dataset Information

Bare Earth's Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring.

ABSTRACT: The Earth's surface dynamics provide essential information for guiding environmental and agricultural policies. Uncovered and unprotected surfaces experience several undesirable effects, which can affect soil ecosystem functions. We developed a technique to identify global bare surface areas and their dynamics based on multitemporal remote sensing images to aid the spatiotemporal evaluation of anthropic and natural phenomena. The bare Earth's surface and its changes were recognized by Landsat image processing over a time range of 30 years using the Google Earth Engine platform. Two additional products were obtained with a similar technique: a) Earth's bare surface frequency, which represents where and how many times a single pixel was detected as bare surface, based on Landsat series, and b) Earth's bare soil tendency, which represents the tendency of bare surface to increase or decrease. This technique enabled the retrieval of bare surfaces on 32% of Earth's total land area and on 95% of land when considering only agricultural areas. From a multitemporal perspective, the technique found a 2.8% increase in bare surfaces during the period on a global scale. However, the rate of soil exposure decreased by ~4.8% in the same period. The increase in bare surfaces shows that agricultural areas are increasing worldwide. The decreasing rate of soil exposure indicates that, unlike popular opinion, more soils have been covered due to the adoption of conservation agriculture practices, which may reduce soil degradation.

SUBMITTER: Dematte JAM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7064585 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Bare Earth's Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring.

Demattê José A M JAM Safanelli José Lucas JL Poppiel Raul Roberto RR Rizzo Rodnei R Silvero Nélida Elizabet Quiñonez NEQ Mendes Wanderson de Sousa WS Bonfatti Benito Roberto BR Dotto André Carnieletto AC Salazar Diego Fernando Urbina DFU Mello Fellipe Alcântara de Oliveira FAO Paiva Ariane Francine da Silveira AFDS Souza Arnaldo Barros AB Santos Natasha Valadares Dos NVD Maria Nascimento Cláudia C Mello Danilo Cesar de DC Bellinaso Henrique H Gonzaga Neto Luiz L Amorim Merilyn Taynara Accorsi MTA Resende Maria Eduarda Bispo de MEB Vieira Julia da Souza JDS Queiroz Louise Gunter de LG Gallo Bruna Cristina BC Sayão Veridiana Maria VM Lisboa Caroline Jardim da Silva CJDS

Scientific reports 20200310 1

The Earth's surface dynamics provide essential information for guiding environmental and agricultural policies. Uncovered and unprotected surfaces experience several undesirable effects, which can affect soil ecosystem functions. We developed a technique to identify global bare surface areas and their dynamics based on multitemporal remote sensing images to aid the spatiotemporal evaluation of anthropic and natural phenomena. The bare Earth's surface and its changes were recognized by Landsat im ...[more]

PMID: 32157136

Similar Datasets

Project description:Hyperthermia is a performance and welfare issue for exercising horses. The thermoregulatory stressors associated with exercise have typically been estimated by responses in the laboratory. However, monitoring surface skin temperature (Tsk) coincident with core temperature (Tc) has not previously been investigated in horses exercising in the field. We investigated the suitability of monitoring surface Tsk as a metric of the thermoregulatory response, and simultaneously investigated its relationship with Tc using gastrointestinal (GI) temperature. We evaluated Tsk in 13 endurance horses competing during four endurance rides over 40 km (n = 1) or a total of 80 km (n = 12) distance. Following each 40-km loop, the horses were rested for 60 min. Tsk and Tc were continuously recorded every 15 s by an infrared thermistor sensor located in a modified belt and by telemetric GI pill, respectively, and expressed as mean ± SD. The net area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to estimate the thermoregulatory response to the thermal load of Tsk over time (°C × minutes) using the trapezoidal method. The relationship between Tsk and Tc was assessed using scatterplots, paired t-test or generalized linear model ANOVA (delta Tsk) (n = 8). Ambient temperature ranged from 6.7°C to 18.4°C. No relationship was found between Tsk and Tc profiles during exercise and recovery periods, and no significant difference between delta Tsk results was detected when comparing exercise and rest. However, time to maximum Tsk (67 min) was significantly reduced compared to Tc (139 min) (p = 0.0004) with a significantly lesser maximum Tsk (30.3°C) than Tc (39°C) (p = 0.0002) during exercise. Net AUC Tsk was 1,164 ± 1,448 and −305 ± 388°C × minutes during periods of exercise and recovery, respectively. We conclude that Tsk monitoring does not provide a reliable proxy for the thermoregulatory response and horse welfare, most probably because many factors can modulate Tsk without directly affecting Tc. Those factors, such as weather conditions, applicable to all field studies can influence the results of Tsk in endurance horses. The study also reveals important inter-individual differences in Tsk and Tc time profiles, emphasizing the importance of an individualized model of temperature monitoring.

Dataset Information

Bare Earth's Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring.

Publications

Bare Earth's Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets