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Therapeutic Response to Methylphenidate in ADHD: Role of Child and Observer Gender.

ABSTRACT: Objective:This study aims to examine the interaction between the gender of the child and the gender of the observers (teachers, parents) on the therapeutic response (TR) noted with methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Method:Children with ADHD participated in a two week double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial with MPH and placebo, and the difference between the week of treatment with MPH and placebo was calculated for each measure to obtain the treatment response (TR) with MPH. The TR for differences based on the gender of child and the observer was examined by using a univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results:299 children (269-male, 30-female; average age 8.9±1.8 years) were evaluated by 52 male teachers, 212 female teachers; 269 female parents and 30 male parents. For the baseline week, the ANCOVA analysis for teachers yielded a significant teacher's gender x child's gender interaction. For the evaluation of TR, the ANCOVA analysis revealed a significant teacher's gender x child's gender interaction whereas no parent's gender x child's gender interactions were noted, all noted interactions were of a small effect size (eta squared <0.02). Conclusions:These results suggest that there are differences in symptom assessment between parents and teachers at baseline and with TR based on the gender of the observer and the child. While clinicians need to be aware of these interactions, it remains unclear if these interactions will be clinically useful due to the small effect sizes.

SUBMITTER: Bhat V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7065565 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Therapeutic Response to Methylphenidate in ADHD: Role of Child and Observer Gender.

Bhat Venkat V Sengupta Sarojini M SM Grizenko Natalie N Joober Ridha R

Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent 20200301 1

<h4>Objective</h4>This study aims to examine the interaction between the gender of the child and the gender of the observers (teachers, parents) on the therapeutic response (TR) noted with methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD.<h4>Method</h4>Children with ADHD participated in a two week double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial with MPH and placebo, and the difference between the week of treatment with MPH and placebo was calculated for each measure to obtain the treatment respon ...[more]

PMID: 32194651

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate promotes abstinence from smoking among smokers with ADHD who have greater severity of ADHD symptoms at baseline or greater improvement in ADHD during treatment. METHOD:This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, 11-week trial conducted between December 2005 and January 2008 at 6 clinical sites; the original trial was sponsored by the National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network. Adult cigarette smokers (aged 18-55 years) who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD were randomly assigned to OROS methylphenidate (72 mg/d) (n = 127) or matching placebo (n = 128). All participants received nicotine patches (21 mg/d) and weekly individual smoking cessation counseling. Logistic regression was used to model prolonged abstinence from smoking (ascertained by self-report and breath carbon monoxide testing) as a function of treatment, baseline ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS) score, change in ADHD-RS score during treatment, and their interactions. RESULTS:Treatment interacted with both ADHD-RS score at baseline (P = .01) and change in ADHD-RS score during treatment (P = .008). Among patients with higher ADHD-RS scores (> 36) at baseline and the most improvement in ADHD during treatment (ADHD-RS change score ? 24), 70.0% of those who took OROS methylphenidate achieved abstinence from smoking compared to 36.8% of those who took placebo (P = .02). In contrast, among patients with the lowest ADHD-RS baseline scores (? 30), 30.3% of those who took OROS methylphenidate achieved abstinence from smoking compared to 60.7% of those who took placebo (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS:OROS methylphenidate, in combination with nicotine patch, may be an effective treatment for nicotine dependence among smokers with more severe ADHD and more robust response of ADHD symptoms to medication. OROS methylphenidate may be counterproductive among smokers with lower severity of ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00253747.

Project description:BackgroundThe prescription use of the stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine for the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been increasing. In 2007, the Food and Drug Administration mandated changes to drug labels for stimulants on the basis of findings of new-onset psychosis. Whether the risk of psychosis in adolescents and young adults with ADHD differs among various stimulants has not been extensively studied.MethodsWe used data from two commercial insurance claims databases to assess patients 13 to 25 years of age who had received a diagnosis of ADHD and who started taking methylphenidate or amphetamine between January 1, 2004, and September 30, 2015. The outcome was a new diagnosis of psychosis for which an antipsychotic medication was prescribed during the first 60 days after the date of the onset of psychosis. To estimate hazard ratios for psychosis, we used propensity scores to match patients who received methylphenidate with patients who received amphetamine in each database, compared the incidence of psychosis between the two stimulant groups, and then pooled the results across the two databases.ResultsWe assessed 337,919 adolescents and young adults who received a prescription for a stimulant for ADHD. The study population consisted of 221,846 patients with 143,286 person-years of follow up; 110,923 patients taking methylphenidate were matched with 110,923 patients taking amphetamines. There were 343 episodes of psychosis (with an episode defined as a new diagnosis code for psychosis and a prescription for an antipsychotic medication) in the matched populations (2.4 per 1000 person-years): 106 episodes (0.10%) in the methylphenidate group and 237 episodes (0.21%) in the amphetamine group (hazard ratio with amphetamine use, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 2.09).ConclusionsAmong adolescents and young adults with ADHD who were receiving prescription stimulants, new-onset psychosis occurred in approximately 1 in 660 patients. Amphetamine use was associated with a greater risk of psychosis than methylphenidate. (Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health and others.).

Project description:Abstract Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, and methylphenidate (MPH) is considered one of the first-line medicine for ADHD. Unfortunately, this medication is only effective for some children with ADHD. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether noradrenergic gene polymorphisms impact the efficacy of MPH in children with ADHD. Methods: Candidate gene studies published in English until March 1, 2020, were identified through literature searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Data were pooled from individual clinical trials considering MPH pharmacogenomics. According to the heterogeneity, the odds ratio and mean differences were calculated by applying fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results: This meta-analysis includes 15 studies and 1382 patients. Four polymorphisms of the NET gene (rs5569, rs28386840, rs2242446, rs3785143) and 2 polymorphisms of the α2A-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) gene (MspI and DraI) were selected for the analysis. In the pooled data from all studies, T allele carriers of the rs28386840 polymorphism were significantly more likely to respond to MPH (P < .001, ORTcarriers = 2.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.316, 3.197) and showed a relationship with significantly greater hyperactive-impulsive symptoms improvement (P < .001, mean difference:1.70, 95% CI:0.24, 3.16). None of the ADRA2A polymorphisms correlated significantly with MPH response as a whole. However, G allele carriers of the MspI polymorphism showed a relationship with significantly inattention symptoms improvement (P < .001, mean difference:0.31, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.47). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results indicate that the noradrenergic gene polymorphisms may impact MPH response. The NET rs28386840 is linked to improved MPH response in ADHD children. And the ADRA2A MspI is associated with inattention symptom improvements. Further investigations with larger samples will be needed to confirm these results. Registration: PROSPERO (no. CRD42021265830).

Dataset Information

Therapeutic Response to Methylphenidate in ADHD: Role of Child and Observer Gender.

Publications

Therapeutic Response to Methylphenidate in ADHD: Role of Child and Observer Gender.

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