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The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:The strong relation between maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the growth of newborn infants has been proven. However, the effect of SHS on growth outcomes of older children is not well defined. Through a systematic literature review, we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between SHS exposure and growth outcomes of children up to 8 years of age. METHODS:A systematic review was performed, including articles published between 2004-2019, related to SHS exposure (prenatal and postnatal) and children's growth (weight, length/height, and head circumference). The relevant articles were identified from Science Direct, ProQuest, Sage Publication, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost) and Google search. RESULTS:Seventeen articles were identified, of which three categories of growth measurements were extracted, comprising weight (weight, WAZ, WHZ, and BMI), height (height/length and HAZ) and head circumference. SHS exposure both pre or postnatally was inversely associated with weight (deficit in weight, risk of underweight, risk of wasting) and height (lower length and risk of stunting) and elevated BMI of children. Furthermore, prenatal SHS exposure was associated with a lower head circumference. CONCLUSIONS:The current review identified that exposure to SHS may be associated with adverse growth outcomes in children. It is crucial that active smokers, specifically those who live with children or with a pregnant partner, are made aware of the potential effects of SHS exposure on non-smokers. Further assessment of the association between exposure to SHS and other growth outcomes in other age groups is needed.

SUBMITTER: Nadhiroh SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067234 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review.

Nadhiroh Siti R SR Djokosujono Kusharisupeni K Utari Diah M DM

Tobacco induced diseases 20200303

<h4>Introduction</h4>The strong relation between maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the growth of newborn infants has been proven. However, the effect of SHS on growth outcomes of older children is not well defined. Through a systematic literature review, we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between SHS exposure and growth outcomes of children up to 8 years of age.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review was performed, including articles published betwee ...[more]

PMID: 32180689

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Project description:IntroductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a risk factor for early childhood caries. Here we examined the association between SHS exposure and early tooth eruption (ETE) to clarify the additional etiology of an increased chance of contact between the tooth's surface and acid produced by fermenting oral bacteria.MethodsData of 388 child-mother pairs who attended health checkups at public health centers were assessed for children aged ≥18 months. SHS exposure was reported as maternal smoking during pregnancy and household smoking after birth. Associations between SHS exposure and ETE (≥3 canines in the oral cavity) were tested using multivariable analyses of the dose-response relationship. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed for birth-weight subgroups and SHS exposure variables, respectively.ResultsETE prevalence was 65.5%, 68.1%, and 76.9% in the no, medium-dose (ceased partway and sometimes), and highest-dose (every day) exposure groups, respectively, during pregnancy, and 61.5%, 75.0%, and 75.5%, respectively, after birth. The association between the highest dose exposure during pregnancy and ETE was not significant (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.34-5.96, p=0.631), whereas that between highest dose exposure after birth and ETE was significant (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.06-4.31, p=0.034); this association was distinct in the subgroup of children with smaller birth weights (<3000 g) (OR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.08-9.44, p=0.036). The dose-response relationship was consistently significant for exposure after birth (p<0.05). The sensitivity analysis that employed no SHS exposure, as a reference, revealed that exposure after birth but no exposure during pregnancy was significantly associated with ETE (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.19-4.40, p=0.013). However, the association between exposure during pregnancy and ETE was consistently non-significant (p>0.05).ConclusionsWhen controlling for variables of birth weight and exposure type, SHS exposure after birth was independently associated with the early eruption of deciduous canines. Further studies are warranted to examine the trajectory of SHS exposure after birth, ETE, and early childhood caries incidence.AbbreviationsETE: Early tooth eruption, SHS: Secondhand smoke.

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The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review.

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The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review.

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