Dataset Information

Interkingdom interactions on the denture surface: Implications for oral hygiene.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Evidence to support the role of Candida species in oral disease is limited. Often considered a commensal, this opportunistic yeast has been shown to play a role in denture related disease, though whether it is an active participant or innocent bystander remains to be determined. This study sought to understand the role of Candida species alongside the bacterial microbiome in a denture patient cohort, exploring how the microbiology of the denture was affected by oral hygiene practices.

Materials and methods

In vitro denture cleansing studies were performed on a complex 9-species interkingdom denture biofilm model, with quantitative assessment of retained bacterial and fungal viable bioburdens. Patient hygiene measures were also collected from 131 patients, including OHIP, frequency of denture cleansing, oral hygiene measure and patient demographics. The bacterial microbiome was analysed from each patient, alongside quantitative PCR assessment of ITS (fungal) and 16S (bacterial) bioburden from denture, mucosa and intact dentition.

Results

It was shown that following in vitro denture cleansing C. albicans were unresponsive to treatment, whereas bacterial biofilms could repopulate 100-fold, but were susceptible to subsequent treatment. Within the patient cohort, oral hygiene did not impact candidal or bacterial composition, nor diversity. The levels of Candida did not significantly influence the bacterial microbiome, though an observed gradient was suggestive of a microbial composition change in response to Candida load, indicating interkingdom interaction rather than an oral hygiene effect. Indeed, correlation analysis was able to show significant correlations between Candida species and key genera (Lactobacillus, Scardovia, Fusobacterium).

Conclusions

Overall, this study has shown that the denture microbiome/mycobiome is relatively resilient to oral hygiene challenges, but that Candida species have potential interactions with key oral genera. These interactions may have a bearing on shaping community structure and a shift from health to disease when the opportunity arises.

SUBMITTER: Delaney C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067236 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Interkingdom interactions on the denture surface: Implications for oral hygiene.

Delaney Christopher C O'Donnell Lindsay E LE Kean Ryan R Sherry Leighann L Brown Jason L JL Calvert Gareth G Nile Christopher J CJ Cross Laura L Bradshaw David J DJ Brandt Bernd W BW Robertson Douglas D Ramage Gordon G

Biofilm 20191201

<h4>Background</h4>Evidence to support the role of <i>Candida</i> species in oral disease is limited. Often considered a commensal, this opportunistic yeast has been shown to play a role in denture related disease, though whether it is an active participant or innocent bystander remains to be determined. This study sought to understand the role of <i>Candida</i> species alongside the bacterial microbiome in a denture patient cohort, exploring how the microbiology of the denture was affected by o ...[more]

PMID: 32201858

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Project description:Although the term "microbiome" refers to all microorganisms, the majority of microbiome studies focus on the bacteriome. Here, we characterize the oral mycobiome, including mycobiome-bacteriome interactions, in the setting of remission-induction chemotherapy (RIC) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Oral samples (n = 299) were prospectively collected twice weekly from 39 AML patients during RIC until neutrophil recovery. Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene (V4) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing were used to determine bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition. Intrakingdom and interkingdom network connectivity at baseline (T1) and at midpoint (T3) and a later time point (T6) were assessed via SPIEC-EASI (sparse inverse covariance estimation for ecological association inference). In this exploratory study, mycobiome α-diversity was not significantly associated with antibiotic or antifungal receipt. However, postchemotherapy mycobiome α-diversity was lower in subjects receiving high-intensity chemotherapy. Additionally, greater decreases in Malassezia levels were seen over time among patients on high-intensity RIC compared to low-intensity RIC (P = 0.003). A significantly higher relative abundance of Candida was found among patients who had infection (P = 0.008), while a significantly higher relative abundance of Fusarium was found among patients who did not get an infection (P = 0.03). Analyses of intrakingdom and interkingdom relationships at T1, T3, and T6 indicated that interkingdom connectivity increased over the course of IC as bacterial α-diversity diminished. In (to our knowledge) the first longitudinal mycobiome study performed during AML RIC, we found that mycobiome-bacteriome interactions are highly dynamic. Our study data suggest that inclusion of mycobiome analysis in the design of microbiome studies may be necessary to optimally understand the ecological and functional role of microbial communities in clinical outcomes.IMPORTANCE This report highlights the importance of longitudinal, parallel characterization of oral fungi and bacteria in order to better elucidate the dynamic changes in microbial community structure and interkingdom functional interactions during the injury of chemotherapy and antibiotic exposure as well as the clinical consequences of these interrelated alterations.

Project description:While investigation of the microbiome on natural oral surfaces has generated a wealth of information, few studies have examined the microbial communities colonizing dentures and their relationship to oral health. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the bacterial community associated with dentures and remaining teeth in healthy individuals and patients with denture stomatitis. The microbiome compositions of matched denture and tooth plaque samples of 10 healthy individuals and 9 stomatitis patients were determined by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The microbial communities colonizing dentures and remaining teeth in health and disease were very similar to each other. Matched denture and tooth samples from the same individuals shared a significantly higher percentage of identical phylotypes than random pairs of samples from different study participants. Despite these overall similarities, several bacterial phylotypes displayed discrete health- and stomatitis-associated denture colonization, while others were distinct in health and disease independently of the surface. Certain phylotypes exhibited differential colonization of dentures and teeth independently of denture health status. In conclusion, denture and natural tooth surfaces in health and stomatitis harbor similar bacterial communities. Individual-related rather than surface-specific factors play a significant role in the bacterial phylotype composition colonizing dentures and teeth. This individual-specific mutual influence on denture and tooth surface colonization could be an important factor in maintaining oral health in denture wearers. Discrete differences in colonization patterns for distinct genera and phylotypes warrant further studies regarding their potential involvement or utility as specific indicators of health and disease development in denture-wearing individuals. IMPORTANCE Denture stomatitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the mucosal tissue in denture wearers that is triggered by microorganisms. While Candida has been extensively studied for its role in stomatitis etiology, the bacterial component largely remains to be investigated. Our data show that certain types of bacteria are significantly associated with denture health and disease. Furthermore, the bacterial communities residing on the teeth and dentures of the same person are similar to each other independently of the surface, and thus, denture health could impact the maintenance of remaining teeth and vice versa.

Project description:BackgroundThe continuously increasing demand for removable denture appliances and the importance of adequate denture cleaning have led to the development of various denture cleansing products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two novel denture cleansing agents (GE and TM) and three commonly available cleansers (0.5% sodium hypochlorite; NaClO, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate; CHX, and Polident®; POL) on multispecies microbial biofilm formation, stain removal and physical properties of dentures.MethodsThe antimicrobial activities of denture cleansing agents were determined against major oral opportunistic pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, using time-kill assays. Multispecies microbial biofilms grown on acrylic resins for 72 h were generated to determine the antibiofilm effects of cleansing agents by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Evaluations of the tea and coffee stain removal properties and the alterations in the physical properties of dentures were also performed. The toxicity of cleanser residues released from denture acrylics to fibroblast cells was investigated using MTT assay.ResultsAll denture cleansing agents tested could effectively kill oral bacteria and Candida albicans. Furthermore, after immersion for more than 3 h, the cleansers Polident®, GE and TM could efficiently penetrate and inhibit multispecies denture biofilms with effects similar to 10 min of immersion in 0.5% NaClO. However, immersion in 0.12% CHX for 20 min showed less antibiofilm activity. The NaClO solution had the highest efficacy for removing stains from the artificial teeth. Conversely, the CHX solution enhanced tea and coffee staining, and the teeth immersed in this solution showed clinically unacceptable colour changes (ΔE > 5.5). However, the colour differences of teeth stained and immersed in POL, GE and TM cleansers were in the clinically acceptable range. There was no significant difference among the POL, GE and TM cleansers in terms of stain removal efficacy. The cleansers GE and TM did not alter the surface roughness and colour of the materials, moreover the residues of both cleansers did not exhibit cytotoxicity.ConclusionTwo novel denture cleansing agents containing natural products, GE and TM exhibited effective antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm and stain removal capabilities without toxicity or disturbance of the physical properties of acrylics.

Dataset Information

Interkingdom interactions on the denture surface: Implications for oral hygiene.

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Interkingdom interactions on the denture surface: Implications for oral hygiene.

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