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Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies on joint kinetics during track and field block starts have been limited to lower-limb sagittal kinetics; however, we hypothesised that lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors also act as substantial energy generators. The present study aimed to examine the three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics to better understand the generation of mechanical energy during a block start. 3D kinematic and force data during block starts of 10 m maximal sprinting in 12 male sprinters (personal best in a 100 m sprint, 10.78 ± 0.19 s [range, 10.43-11.01 s]) were captured using a motion capture system and force platform. The three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics were calculated. The peak lumbosacral extension torque (3.64 ± 0.39 Nm/kg) was significantly larger than any other lower-limb and lumbosacral torques (<3.0 Nm/kg). It was suggested that large lumbopelvic extension torques are needed during the block start to anchor the pelvis by cancelling out both hip extension torques acting on the pelvis, leading to hip extensor-induced thigh sagittal rotations rather than pelvic posterior tilt. During the double-stance phase, the lumbosacral extensors generated mechanical energy (0.35 ± 0.16 J/kg, 14 ± 4% of the sum of lumbosacral and lower-limb net joint work). During the single-stance phase, the sum of the net mechanical work by lumbosacral lateral flexors and front hip abductors was 0.35 ± 0.14 J/kg, which comprised 9 ± 3% of the sum of the net joint work. The results lead to the speculation of the importance of strengthening not only the leg extensors, but also the lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors for block starts. Further training studies to verify this speculation will improve training strategies for the track and field block start performance.

SUBMITTER: Sado N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067397 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start.

Sado Natsuki N Yoshioka Shinsuke S Fukashiro Senshi S

PloS one 20200312 3

Previous studies on joint kinetics during track and field block starts have been limited to lower-limb sagittal kinetics; however, we hypothesised that lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors also act as substantial energy generators. The present study aimed to examine the three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics to better understand the generation of mechanical energy during a block start. 3D kinematic and force data during block starts of 10 m maximal sprinting in 12 male ...[more]

PMID: 32163481

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Project description:BackgroundReconstruction of pelvis girdle stability after tumor-induced hemipelvectomy remains challenging. We surgically treated 13 patients with custom-made, three-dimensional printed hemipelvic prostheses. We aim to identify the preliminary outcomes for patients who have been managed with more mixed regions of prosthetic pelvic reconstruction and the feasibility of two reconstructive systems.MethodsSeven male patients and 6 female patients treated at our center between January 2019 and May 2021 were included. There were 11 primary sarcomas and 2 solitary bone metastases. After en bloc tumor resection, two types of personalized, three-dimensional printed prostheses were fixed to restore the stability and rebuild the load transfer. The position of the reconstructed hemipelvis was evaluated on an anteroposterior plain radiograph. The complications and outcomes were traced. One amputation specimen was discovered through histological analysis of the porous structure.ResultsThe operative duration was 467 ± 144 min, and the blood loss was 3,119 ± 662 ml. During a follow-up of 22.4 ± 8.5 months, two patients had delayed wound healing and one had a second-stage flap transfer. One patient with osteosarcoma died of pulmonary metastasis 27 months after surgery. Two patients with marginal resection suffered from local recurrence and had extra surgeries. One patient had traumatic hip dislocation 2 months after surgery and manipulative reduction was performed. The acetabular inclination of the affected side was 42.2 ± 4.3°, compared with 42.1 ± 3.9° on the contralateral side. The horizontal distance between the center of the femoral head and the middle vertical line was 10.4 ± 0.6 cm, while the reconstructed side was 9.8 ± 0.8 cm. No significant difference in acetabular position after surgery was found (p > 0.05). The amputation specimen harvested from one patient with local recurrence demonstrated bone and soft tissue ingrowth within the three-dimensional printed trabecular structure. Walking ability was preserved in all patients who are still alive and no prosthesis-related complications occurred. The MSTS score was 22.0 ± 3.7.ConclusionsBoth types of custom-made, three-dimensional printed prostheses manifested excellent precision, mechanical stability, and promising functional rehabilitation. The porous structure exhibited favorable histocompatibility to facilitate the ingrowth of bone and soft tissue.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Clinicians commonly examine posture and movement in people with the belief that correcting dysfunctional movement may reduce pain. If dysfunctional movement is to be accurately identified, clinicians should know what constitutes normal movement and how this differs in people with low back pain (LBP). This systematic review examined studies that compared biomechanical aspects of lumbo-pelvic movement in people with and without LBP. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, AMI, CINAHL, Scopus, AMED, ISI Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2014 for relevant studies. Studies had to compare adults with and without LBP using skin surface measurement techniques to measure lumbo-pelvic posture or movement. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and identified and extracted data. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for group differences between people with and without LBP, and where possible, meta-analyses were performed. Within-group variability in all measurements was also compared. RESULTS: The search identified 43 eligible studies. Compared to people without LBP, on average, people with LBP display: (i) no difference in lordosis angle (8 studies), (ii) reduced lumbar ROM (19 studies), (iii) no difference in lumbar relative to hip contribution to end-range flexion (4 studies), (iv) no difference in standing pelvic tilt angle (3 studies), (v) slower movement (8 studies), and (vi) reduced proprioception (17 studies). Movement variability appeared greater for people with LBP for flexion, lateral flexion and rotation ROM, and movement speed, but not for other movement characteristics. Considerable heterogeneity exists between studies, including a lack of detail or standardization between studies on the criteria used to define participants as people with LBP (cases) or without LBP (controls). CONCLUSIONS: On average, people with LBP have reduced lumbar ROM and proprioception, and move more slowly compared to people without LBP. Whether these deficits exist prior to LBP onset is unknown.

Project description:BackgroundMovement dysfunctions have been associated with persistent low back pain (LBP) but optimal treatment remains unclear. One possibility is that subgroups of persistent LBP patients have differing movement characteristics and therefore different responses to interventions. This study examined if there were patterns of flexion-related lumbo-pelvic kinematic and EMG parameters that might define subgroups of movement.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study of 126 people without any history of significant LBP and 140 people with persistent LBP (n = 266). Wireless motion and surface EMG sensors collected lumbo-pelvic data on flexion parameters (range of motion (ROM) of trunk, lumbar, and pelvis), speed, sequence coordination and timing, and EMG extensor muscle activity in forward bending (flexion relaxation)), and sitting parameters (relative position, pelvic tilt range and tilt ratio). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns in these parameters.ResultsFour subgroups with high probabilities of membership were found (mean 94.9%, SD10.1%). Subgroup 1 (n = 133 people, 26% LBP) had the greatest range of trunk flexion, fastest movement, full flexion relaxation, and synchronous lumbar versus pelvic movement. Subgroup 2 (n = 73, 71% LBP) had the greatest lumbar ROM, less flexion relaxation, and a 0.9 s lag of pelvic movement. Subgroup 3 (n = 41, 83% LBP) had the smallest lumbar ROM, a 0.6 s delay of lumbar movement (compared to pelvic movement), and less flexion relaxation than subgroup 2. Subgroup 4 (n = 19 people, 100% LBP) had the least flexion relaxation, slowest movement, greatest delay of pelvic movement and the smallest pelvic ROM. These patterns could be described as standard (subgroup 1), lumbar dominant (subgroup 2), pelvic dominant (subgroup 3) and guarded (subgroup 4). Significant post-hoc differences were seen between subgroups for most lumbo-pelvic kinematic and EMG parameters. There was greater direction-specific pain and activity limitation scores for subgroup 4 compared to other groups, and a greater percentage of people with leg pain in subgroups 2 and 4.ConclusionFour subgroups of lumbo-pelvic flexion kinematics were revealed with an unequal distribution among people with and without a history of persistent LBP. Such subgroups may have implications for which patients are likely to respond to movement-based interventions.

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Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start.

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Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start.

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