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The treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children attending at the University of Gondar teaching hospital: A retrospective cohort study, 2018.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurologic disorder which affects an estimated 10.5 million children worldwide. Despite the burden, the scarcity of study held in Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children with epilepsy. METHODS:A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 10/2017 up to October 10/2018. A total of 210 study participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the study. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with a document review was used to collect data. The data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were computed. Simple logistic analysis was run (at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) to identify factors associated with treatment outcome. RESULT:210 eligible patients with epilepsy were recruited for the study. About half of the respondents were females and the majority was within the age group of 5-10 years. Phenobarbital has been the most frequently prescribed drugs and thirteen percent of patients were in the escalation phase of treatment. Eight percent of the study participants had poor adherence to the treatment regimen. About six percent of the study subjects were suffering from an uncontrolled seizure. Being a female child (AOR = 2. 21; 95%CI: 1.11, 4.41) and excellent adherence to anti-epilepsy treatment (AOR = 4. 51; 95%CI: 1.53, 13.42) were significantly associated with treatment outcome. CONCLUSION:This study revealed that many children were suffering from uncontrolled seizure and escalation therapy is being exercised. Being a female child and adherence to anti-epilepsy treatment were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Therefore, attention should be given to adherence counseling to convey a better treatment outcome.

SUBMITTER: Beyene A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067446 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children attending at the University of Gondar teaching hospital: A retrospective cohort study, 2018.

Beyene Addisu A Ayalew Agumas Fentahun AF Mulat Getasew G Simachew Kassa Ayele A Birhan Tigabu T

PloS one 20200312 3

<h4>Background</h4>Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurologic disorder which affects an estimated 10.5 million children worldwide. Despite the burden, the scarcity of study held in Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children with epilepsy.<h4>Methods</h4>A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 10/2017 up to October 10/2018. A total of 210 study participants who fulfilled the eligibility ...[more]

PMID: 32163504

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Project description:BackgroundDespite the apparent benefits of organophosphate compounds (OPCs) acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide poison is an increasing problem worldwide. In a country like Ethiopia, where agriculture is a major component of the economy, these compounds are readily available to the general public. There is paucity of evidence from Ethiopia showing the pattern of organophosphate poisoning (OPP) in healthcare facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the pattern of acute OPP at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital in northwest Ethiopia, during September 2010 through December 2014 was conducted. Data was collected through chart review of patients who were admitted due to poisoning. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.ResultsOrganophosphate poisoning in University of Gondar teaching hospital accounts for about 38.46% of all emergency room admissions for poisoning. Out of the 90 cases studied 60% (54) were women, with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The mean age of the patients was 25.5 with a standard deviation of 9.45. 56.7% of the cases studies lived in an urban environment compared to 43.3% who lived rurally. In the vast majority of patients, 90% (81) patients had ingested OP as an act of suicide. Regarding the route of exposure, oral ingestion was most common in suicidal cases (88.9%). The elapsed time between the time of poison ingestion and the start of the treatment, ranged from 13 min to 1 day. Health care professionals' useds decontamination methods such as gastric lavage and activated charcoal (45.6%) and 36.7% use atropine for OPP treatment. The mean hospital stay was 0.74 days. In the present study family problems were a leading cause of suicides and accounted for 45.8% of all cases.ConclusionAs a developing nation who economy relies heavily on agriculture, Ethiopia continues to have OP compounds remain a common cause of acute poisonings. This is particularly concerning for younger generation who have high rates of OPP and whose numbers continue to raise. This data suggests that it is essential to strengthen Ethiopians regulatory policy concerning the availability of OPCs. Additionally, it will be important to design an appropriate health education program for the prevention of both suicidal and accidental OPPs for the benefit of the public at large.

Project description:IntroductionCorneal transplantation is the only treatment option for corneal blindness to restore sight. However, there is a disproportionate imbalance between the demand and supply of corneal tissue in Ethiopia. This is because accessing corneal tissue is reliant on people who are willing to donate corneas after death.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the proportion of willingness to donate cornea and associated factors among adult patients attending at University of Gondar comprehensive and specialized hospital.MethodInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 13 to July 28, 2020, through a face-to-face interview. A total of 451 samples were selected using systematic random sampling. The data were entered into Epidemiological information version 7 and exported to statistical package for social science version 20 for formal analysis. Variables with a P-value of < 0.20 in a bi-variable logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression and those variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. The strength of association was shown using the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.ResultA total of 408 adults participated in this study with a response rate of 90% and the proportion of willingness to donate cornea was 179(43.90%). Participants who had a religious belief in Christianity (AOR = 3.23 (95% CI: 1.09-9.57)) and good knowledge about corneal donation (AOR = 5.45(95%CI: 2.69-11.18)) were positively associated with the willingness of corneal donation. On the other side, the age group above 43 years (AOR = 0.31(95% CI: 0.11-0.89) was negatively associated with the willingness of corneal donation.ConclusionThe proportion of willingness to donate cornea 43.9% among participants attending Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital. Age group greater than 43 years, religion of Christianity and good knowledge were associated with the willingness of corneal donation.

Project description:Background:Epilepsy is among the most common neurological disorders which is highly treatable with currently available antiepileptic drugs at a reasonable price. In Ethiopia, despite a number of studies revealed high prevalence of epilepsy, little is known on predictors of poorly controlled seizures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess epilepsy treatment outcome and its predictors among patients with epilepsy on follow-up at the ambulatory care unit of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods:A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving patient interview and chart review was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2018. Drug use patterns and sociodemographic data of the study participants were accustomed to descriptive statistics. Backward logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of poor seizure control. Statistical significance was considered at p value <0.05. Results:From a total of 143 studied patients with epilepsy, 60.8% had uncontrolled seizures. Monotherapy (79%) was commonly used for the treatment of seizures, of which phenobarbital was the most commonly utilized single anticonvulsant drug (62.9%). The majority (72.7%) of the patients had developed one or more antiepileptic-related adverse effects. Medium medication adherence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)?=?5.4; 95% CI?=?1.52-19.23; p=0.009), poor medication adherence (AOR?=?8.16; 95% CI?=?3.04-21.90; p=0.001), head injury before seizure occurrence (AOR?=?4.9; 95% CI?=?1.25-19.27; p=0.02), and seizure attacks ?4 episodes/week before AEDs initiation (AOR?=?8.52; % CI?=?2.41-13.45; p=0.001) were the predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Conclusions:Based on our findings, more than half of the patients with epilepsy had poorly controlled seizures. Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs, high frequency of seizure attack before AEDs initiation, and history of a head injury before the occurrence of seizure were predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Patient medication adherence should be increased by the free access of antiepileptic drugs and attention should be given for the patients with a history of head injury and high frequency of seizure attacks before AEDs initiation.

Project description:BackgroundIsolated or multi lineage cytopenia are the most common clinicopathological features and independently associated with increased risk of disease progression and death among human immunodeficiency virus infected children. In the study area, there is scarcity of data about the magnitude of various cytopenia.ObjectivesAimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital ART clinic, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 255 HIV infected children from January- April 2020. None probable convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participant. Socio demographic data were collected by pre tested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview and their medical data were obtained from their follow-up medical records. Moreover, blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, viral load and blood film, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of cytopenia. P-Value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultThe overall magnitude of peripheral cytopenia was 38.9%. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and bi-cytopenia were 21.2%, 12.2%, 11%, 1.6% and 3.9% respectively. Being in the age group of 2-10 years (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI 2.33-12.46), AZT based regimen (AOR = 5.44, 95%CI: 2.24-13.21), no eating green vegetables (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26-4.92) and having plasma viral load >1000 copies /ml (AOR = 5.38, 95%CI: 2.22-13.03) showed significant association with anemia.ConclusionAnemia was the predominant peripheral cytopenia among HIV infected children in this study. It was strongly associated with AZT based drug type, age below 10 years and high viral load. Critical stress should be given for early investigation and management of cytopenia in addition to the use of alternative drug which leads to higher viral suppression and lower risk of toxicity issue.

Project description:IntroductionRisky sexual practice among people living with HIV/AIDS is a public health concern because of the risk of transmission of the virus to sero-discordant partner/s. There is also the risk of re-infection with new, drug resistant viral strains between sero-concordant partners. However, there is lack of information on risky sexual practices among HIV positive adults. Therefore, this study aimed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among adult HIV positive clients at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015.MethodsAn institution based cross sectional study was conducted at Gondar University Referral Hospital from May to June 2015. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Using systematic random sampling technique, a total of 513 respondents were participated in this study. The data were entered into EPI info version 3.5.3 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. A P-value <0.05 was considered to determine the statistical significance of the association between factors (independent variables) and risky sexual practice. The Odds ratio was also used to determine the presence and the degree of association between the dependent and independent variables.ResultsA total of 513 respondents were participated in this study. The prevalence of risky sexual practices in the past three months was 38% (95% CI: 33.3%, 42.3%). Being in the age range of 18-29 years (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.55, 4.47) and 30-39 years (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.53), being single (AOR = 6.32, 95%CI: 2.43, 16.44),being married (AOR = 6.06, 95% CI: 2.81, 13.07), having no child (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.17, 5.72), and a CD4 count of greater than 500/mm3 were factors significantly associated with risky sexual practices.ConclusionsA considerable number of HIV positive clients had risky sexual practices. It is strongly recommended that the Regional Health Bureau and health service providers working at Gondar University Hospital especially in the ART Clinic need to work hard on behavioral change communication.

Dataset Information

The treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children attending at the University of Gondar teaching hospital: A retrospective cohort study, 2018.

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The treatment outcomes of epilepsy and its root causes in children attending at the University of Gondar teaching hospital: A retrospective cohort study, 2018.

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