Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

14 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Boron-mediated directed aromatic C-H hydroxylation.

ABSTRACT: Transition metal-catalysed C-H hydroxylation is one of the most notable advances in synthetic chemistry during the past few decades and it has been widely employed in the preparation of alcohols and phenols. The site-selective hydroxylation of aromatic C-H bonds under mild conditions, especially in the context of substituted (hetero)arenes with diverse functional groups, remains a challenge. Here, we report a general and mild chelation-assisted C-H hydroxylation of (hetero)arenes mediated by boron species without the use of any transition metals. Diverse (hetero)arenes bearing amide directing groups can be utilized for ortho C-H hydroxylation under mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group compatibility. Additionally, this transition metal-free strategy can be extended to synthesize C7 and C4-hydroxylated indoles. By utilizing the present method, the formal synthesis of several phenol intermediates to bioactive molecules is demonstrated.

SUBMITTER: Lv J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067857 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Boron-mediated directed aromatic C-H hydroxylation.

Lv Jiahang J Zhao Binlin B Yuan Yu Y Han Ying Y Shi Zhuangzhi Z

Nature communications 20200312 1

Transition metal-catalysed C-H hydroxylation is one of the most notable advances in synthetic chemistry during the past few decades and it has been widely employed in the preparation of alcohols and phenols. The site-selective hydroxylation of aromatic C-H bonds under mild conditions, especially in the context of substituted (hetero)arenes with diverse functional groups, remains a challenge. Here, we report a general and mild chelation-assisted C-H hydroxylation of (hetero)arenes mediated by bor ...[more]

PMID: 32165636

Similar Datasets

Electrochemical aromatic C-H hydroxylation in continuous flow.

Project description:The direct hydroxylation of arene C-H bonds is a highly sought-after transformation but remains an unsolved challenge due to the difficulty in efficient and regioselective C-H oxygenation and high reactivity of the phenolic products leading to overoxidation. Herein we report electrochemical C-H hydroxylation of arenes in continuous flow for the synthesis of phenols. The method is characterized by broad scope (compatible with arenes of diverse electronic properties), mild conditions without any catalysts or chemical oxidants, and excellent scalability as demonstrated by the continuous production of 1 mol (204 grams) of one of the phenol products.

| S-EPMC9270493 | biostudies-literature

One-Pot Synthesis of Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via 1,4-Boron Migration.

Project description:Herein, we demonstrate a novel one-pot synthetic method towards a series of boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B-PAHs, 1?a-1?o), including hitherto unknown B-doped zethrene derivatives, from ortho-aryl substituted diarylalkynes with high atom efficiency and broad substrate scopes. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on the experimental investigation together with the theoretical calculations, which involves a unique 1,4-boron migration process. The resultant benchtop-stable B-PAHs are thoroughly investigated by X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The blue and green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices based on 1?f and 1?k are further fabricated, demonstrating the promising application potential of B-PAHs in organic optoelectronics.

| S-EPMC7898796 | biostudies-literature

Structural insights into the regulation of aromatic amino acid hydroxylation.

Project description:The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase are homotetramers, with each subunit containing a homologous catalytic domain and a divergent regulatory domain. The solution structure of the regulatory domain of tyrosine hydroxylase establishes that it contains a core ACT domain similar to that in phenylalanine hydroxylase. The isolated regulatory domain of tyrosine hydroxylase forms a stable dimer, while that of phenylalanine hydroxylase undergoes a monomer-dimer equilibrium, with phenylalanine stabilizing the dimer. These solution properties are consistent with the regulatory mechanisms of the two enzymes, in that phenylalanine hydroxylase is activated by phenylalanine binding to an allosteric site, while tyrosine hydroxylase is regulated by binding of catecholamines in the active site.

| S-EPMC4688188 | biostudies-literature

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using 3D Aromatic Boron Cluster Radicals.

Project description:A set of two dodecaborate [B12(OR)12]1- radical cluster anions containing a dense layer of fluorinated end-groups provides nuclear spin hyperpolarization via the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) technique. We show that these clusters can enhance 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. Importantly, given the inherent radical delocalization in dodecaborate-based clusters, these species are compatible with reactive compounds such as Lewis acids, providing ∼1000-2000 times of signal enhancement for B(C6F5)3 in liquid state NMR spectroscopy experiments at 9.4 Tesla. This observation suggests that 3D aromatic radicals can provide advantages over the conventional radical species that are currently used for DNP such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) by showing superior chemical compatibility. The ability to hyperpolarize reactive compounds using [B12(OR)12]1- cluster radicals opens up new applications of reaction monitoring by D-DNP NMR spectroscopy, including the observation of catalytically active species in complex reaction mixtures.

| S-EPMC8078168 | biostudies-literature

Salicylate 5-Hydroxylase: Intermediates in Aromatic Hydroxylation by a Rieske Monooxygenase.

Project description:Rieske oxygenases (ROs) catalyze a large range of oxidative chemistry. We have shown that cis-dihydrodiol-forming Rieske dioxygenases first react with their aromatic substrates via an active site nonheme Fe(III)-superoxide; electron transfer from the Rieske cluster then completes the product-forming reaction. Alternatively, two-electron-reduced Fe(III)-peroxo or hydroxo-Fe(V)-oxo activated oxygen intermediates are possible and may be utilized by other ROs to expand the catalytic range. Here, the reaction of a Rieske monooxygenase, salicylate 5-hydroxylase, that does not form a cis-dihydrodiol is examined. Single-turnover kinetic studies show fast binding of salicylate and O2. Transfer of the Rieske electron required to form the gentisate product occurs through bonds over ?12 Å and must also be very fast. However, the observed rate constant for this reaction is much slower than expected and sensitive to substrate type. This suggests that initial reaction with salicylate occurs using the same Fe(III)-superoxo-level intermediate as Rieske dioxygenases and that this reaction limits the observed rate of electron transfer. A transient intermediate (?max = 700 nm) with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at g = 4.3 is observed after the product is formed in the active site. The use of 17O2 (I = 5/2) results in hyperfine broadening of the g = 4.3 signal, showing that gentisate binds to the mononuclear iron via its C5-OH in the intermediate. The chromophore and EPR signal allow study of product release in the catalytic cycle. Comparison of the kinetics of single- and multiple-turnover reactions shows that re-reduction of the metal centers accelerates product release ?300-fold, providing insight into the regulatory mechanism of ROs.

| S-EPMC6856394 | biostudies-literature

Aromatic hydroxylation of salicylic acid and aspirin by human cytochromes P450.

Project description:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known and widely-used analgesic. It is rapidly deacetylated to salicylic acid, which forms two hippuric acids-salicyluric acid and gentisuric acid-and two glucuronides. The oxidation of aspirin and salicylic acid has been reported with human liver microsomes, but data on individual cytochromes P450 involved in oxidation is lacking. In this study we monitored oxidation of these compounds by human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 (P450) using UPLC with fluorescence detection. Microsomal oxidation of salicylic acid was much faster than aspirin. The two oxidation products were 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, documented by its UV and mass spectrum) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Formation of neither product was inhibited by desferrioxamine, suggesting a lack of contribution of oxygen radicals under these conditions. Although more liphophilic, aspirin was oxidized less efficiently, primarily to the 2,5-dihydroxy product. Recombinant human P450s 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 all catalyzed the 5-hydroxylation of salicylic acid. Inhibitor studies with human liver microsomes indicated that all six of the previously mentioned P450s could contribute to both the 5- and 3-hydroxylation of salicylic acid and that P450s 2A6 and 2B6 have contributions to 5-hydroxylation. Inhibitor studies indicated that the major human P450 involved in both 3- and 5-hydroxylation of salicylic acid is P450 2E1.

| S-EPMC4414920 | biostudies-literature

Selective Aromatic C-H Hydroxylation Enabled by ?6-Coordination to Iridium(III).

Project description:We report an aromatic C-H hydroxylation protocol in which the arene is activated through ?6-coordination to an iridium(III) complex. ?6-Coordination of the arene increases its electrophilicity and allows for high positional selectivity of hydroxylation at the site of least electron density. Through investigation of intermediate ?5-cyclohexadienyl adducts and arene exchange reactions, we evaluate incorporation of arene ?-activation into a catalytic cycle for C-H functionalization.

| S-EPMC4750501 | biostudies-literature

Bis-Phenoxo-CuII2 Complexes: Formal Aromatic Hydroxylation via Aryl-CuIII Intermediate Species.

Project description:Ullmann-type copper-mediated arylC-O bond formation has attracted the attention of the catalysis and organometallic communities, although the mechanism of these copper-catalyzed coupling reactions remains a subject of debate. We have designed well-defined triazamacrocyclic-based aryl-CuIII complexes as an ideal platform to study the C-heteroatom reductive elimination step with all kinds of nucleophiles, and in this work we focus our efforts on the straightforward synthesis of phenols by using H2O as nucleophile. Seven well-defined aryl-CuIII complexes featuring different ring size and different electronic properties have been reacted with water in basic conditions to produce final bis-phenoxo-CuII2 complexes, all of which are characterized by XRD. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction takes place by an initial deprotonation of the NH group coordinated to CuIII center, subsequent reductive elimination with H2O as nucleophile to form phenoxo products, and finally air oxidation of the CuI produced to form the final bis-phenoxo-CuII2 complexes, whose enhanced stability acts as a thermodynamic sink and pushes the reaction forward. Furthermore, the corresponding triazamacrocyclic-CuI complexes react with O2 to undergo 1e- oxidation to CuII and subsequent C-H activation to form aryl-CuIII species, which follow the same fate towards bis-phenoxo-CuII2 complexes. This work further highlights the ability of the triazamacrocyclic-CuIII platform to undergo aryl-OH formation by reductive elimination with basic water, and also shows the facile formation of rare bis-phenoxo-CuII2 complexes.

| S-EPMC7587178 | biostudies-literature

Enabling Aromatic Hydroxylation in a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Enzyme through Protein Engineering.

Project description:The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of heme monooxygenases catalyse the selective oxidation of C-H bonds under ambient conditions. The CYP199A4 enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris catalyses aliphatic oxidation of 4-cyclohexylbenzoic acid but not the aromatic oxidation of 4-phenylbenzoic acid, due to the distinct mechanisms of aliphatic and aromatic oxidation. The aromatic substrates 4-benzyl-, 4-phenoxy- and 4-benzoyl-benzoic acid and methoxy-substituted phenylbenzoic acids were assessed to see if they could achieve an orientation more amenable to aromatic oxidation. CYP199A4 could catalyse the efficient benzylic oxidation of 4-benzylbenzoic acid. The methoxy-substituted phenylbenzoic acids were oxidatively demethylated with low activity. However, no aromatic oxidation was observed with any of these substrates. Crystal structures of CYP199A4 with 4-(3'-methoxyphenyl)benzoic acid demonstrated that the substrate binding mode was like that of 4-phenylbenzoic acid. 4-Phenoxy- and 4-benzoyl-benzoic acid bound with the ether or ketone oxygen atom hydrogen-bonded to the heme aqua ligand. We also investigated whether the substitution of phenylalanine residues in the active site could permit aromatic hydroxylation. Mutagenesis of the F298 residue to a valine did not significantly alter the substrate binding position or enable the aromatic oxidation of 4-phenylbenzoic acid; however the F182L mutant was able to catalyse 4-phenylbenzoic acid oxidation generating 2'-hydroxy-, 3'-hydroxy- and 4'-hydroxy metabolites in a 83 : 9 : 8 ratio, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations, in which the distance and angle of attack were considered, demonstrated that in the F182L variant, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the phenyl ring of 4-phenylbenzoic acid attained a productive geometry for aromatic oxidation to occur.

| S-EPMC10092897 | biostudies-literature

Copper-Mediated Aminoquinoline-Directed Radiofluorination of Aromatic C-H Bonds with K<sup>18</sup> F.

Project description:A Cu-mediated ortho-C-H radiofluorination of aromatic carboxylic acids that are protected as 8-aminoquinoline benzamides is described. The method uses K18 F and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. The reaction is showcased in the high specific activity automated synthesis of the RARβ2 agonist [18 F]AC261066.

| S-EPMC6476334 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data