Dataset Information

Genome Sequences of Five Type Strain Members of the Archaeal Family Sulfolobaceae, Acidianus ambivalens, Acidianus infernus, Stygiolobus azoricus, Sulfuracidifex metallicus, and Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

ABSTRACT: Presented are five genomes from the polyextremophilic (optimal temperature of >65°C and optimal pH of <3.5) archaeal family Sulfolobaceae, greatly expanding order-wide genomic diversity. Included are the only obligate anaerobic species, several facultative sulfur utilizers, two metal mobilizers, one facultative chemolithoautotroph with robust metabolic versatility, and some of the most thermophilic thermoacidophiles reported to date.

SUBMITTER: Counts JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7067957 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome Sequences of Five Type Strain Members of the Archaeal Family <i>Sulfolobaceae</i>, Acidianus ambivalens, Acidianus infernus, Stygiolobus azoricus, Sulfuracidifex metallicus, and Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

Counts James A JA Vitko Nicholas P NP Kelly Robert M RM

Microbiology resource announcements 20200312 11

Presented are five genomes from the polyextremophilic (optimal temperature of >65°C and optimal pH of <3.5) archaeal family <i>Sulfolobaceae</i>, greatly expanding order-wide genomic diversity. Included are the only obligate anaerobic species, several facultative sulfur utilizers, two metal mobilizers, one facultative chemolithoautotroph with robust metabolic versatility, and some of the most thermophilic thermoacidophiles reported to date. ...[more]

PMID: 32165389

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Project description:BackgroundThe thermoacidophilic and chemolithotrophic archaeon Acidianus ambivalens is routinely grown with sulfur and CO(2)-enriched air. We had described a membrane-bound, tetrathionate (TT) forming thiosulfate:quinone oxidoreductase. Here we describe the first TT hydrolase (TTH) from Archaea.ResultsA. ambivalens cells grown aerobically with TT as sole sulfur source showed doubling times of 9 h and final cell densities of up to 8 × 10(8)/ml. TTH activity (≈0.28 U/mg protein) was found in cell-free extracts of TT-grown but not of sulfur-grown cells. Differential fractionation of freshly harvested cells involving a pH shock showed that about 92% of the TTH activity was located in the pseudo-periplasmic fraction associated with the surface layer, while 7.3% and 0.3% were present in the soluble and membrane fractions, respectively. The enzyme was enriched 54-fold from the cytoplasmic fraction and 2.1-fold from the pseudo-periplasmic fraction. The molecular mass of the single subunit was 54 kDa. The optimal activity was at or above 95°C at pH 1. Neither PQQ nor divalent cations had a significant effect on activity. The gene (tth1) was identified following N-terminal sequencing of the protein. Northern hybridization showed that tth1 was transcribed in TT-grown cells in contrast to a second paralogous tth2 gene. The deduced amino acid sequences showed similarity to the TTH from Acidithiobacillus and other proteins from the PQQ dehydrogenase superfamily. It displayed a β-propeller structure when being modeled, however, important residues from the PQQ-binding site were absent.ConclusionThe soluble, extracellular, and acidophilic TTH identified in TT-grown A. ambivalens cells is essential for TT metabolism during growth but not for the downstream processing of the TQO reaction products in S°-grown cells. The liberation of TTH by pH shock from otherwise intact cells strongly supports the pseudo-periplasm hypothesis of the S-layer of Archaea.

Project description:Four novel filamentous viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes, namely, Acidianus filamentous virus 3 (AFV3), AFV6, AFV7, and AFV8, have been characterized from the hyperthermophilic archaeal genus Acidianus, and they are assigned to the Betalipothrixvirus genus of the family Lipothrixviridae. The structures of the approximately 2-mum-long virions are similar, and one of them, AFV3, was studied in detail. It consists of a cylindrical envelope containing globular subunits arranged in a helical formation that is unique for any known double-stranded DNA virus. The envelope is 3.1 nm thick and encases an inner core with two parallel rows of protein subunits arranged like a zipper. Each end of the virion is tapered and carries three short filaments. Two major structural proteins were identified as being common to all betalipothrixviruses. The viral genomes were sequenced and analyzed, and they reveal a high level of conservation in both gene content and gene order over large regions, with this similarity extending partly to the earlier described betalipothrixvirus Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus. A few predicted gene products of each virus, in addition to the structural proteins, could be assigned specific functions, including a putative helicase involved in Holliday junction branch migration, a nuclease, a protein phosphatase, transcriptional regulators, and glycosyltransferases. The AFV7 genome appears to have undergone intergenomic recombination with a large section of an AFV2-like viral genome, apparently resulting in phenotypic changes, as revealed by the presence of AFV2-like termini in the AFV7 virions. Shared features of the genomes include (i) large inverted terminal repeats exhibiting conserved, regularly spaced direct repeats; (ii) a highly conserved operon encoding the two major structural proteins; (iii) multiple overlapping open reading frames, which may be indicative of gene recoding; (iv) putative 12-bp genetic elements; and (v) partial gene sequences corresponding closely to spacer sequences of chromosomal repeat clusters.

Dataset Information

Genome Sequences of Five Type Strain Members of the Archaeal Family Sulfolobaceae, Acidianus ambivalens, Acidianus infernus, Stygiolobus azoricus, Sulfuracidifex metallicus, and Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

Publications

Genome Sequences of Five Type Strain Members of the Archaeal Family <i>Sulfolobaceae</i>, Acidianus ambivalens, Acidianus infernus, Stygiolobus azoricus, Sulfuracidifex metallicus, and Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

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