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Global reduction of in situ CO2 transfer velocity by natural surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer.


ABSTRACT: For decades, the effect of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) on gas transfer velocity (k) has been recognized; however, it has not been quantified under natural conditions due to missing coherent data on in situ k of carbon dioxide (CO2) and characterization of the SML. Moreover, a sea-surface phenomenon of wave-dampening, known as slicks, has been observed frequently in the ocean and potentially reduces the transfer of climate-relevant gases between the ocean and atmosphere. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the effect of natural surfactant and slicks on the in situ k of CO2. A catamaran, Sea Surface Scanner (S3), was deployed to sample the SML and corresponding underlying water, and a drifting buoy with a floating chamber was deployed to measure the in situ k of CO2. We found a significant 23% reduction of k above surfactant concentrations of 200?µg?Teq?l-1, which were common in the SML except for the Western Pacific. We conclude that an error of approximately 20% in CO2 fluxes for the Western Pacific is induced by applying wind-based parametrization not developed in low surfactant regimes. Furthermore, we observed an additional 62% reduction in natural slicks, reducing global CO2 fluxes by 19% considering known frequency of slick coverage. From our observation, we identified surfactant concentrations with two different end-members which lead to an error in global CO2 flux estimation if ignored.

SUBMITTER: Mustaffa NIH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7069489 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Global reduction of <i>in situ</i> CO<sub>2</sub> transfer velocity by natural surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer.

Mustaffa Nur Ili Hamizah NIH   Ribas-Ribas Mariana M   Banko-Kubis Hanne M HM   Wurl Oliver O  

Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 20200212 2234


For decades, the effect of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) on gas transfer velocity (<i>k</i>) has been recognized; however, it has not been quantified under natural conditions due to missing coherent data on <i>in situ k</i> of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and characterization of the SML. Moreover, a sea-surface phenomenon of wave-dampening, known as slicks, has been observed frequently in the ocean and potentially reduces the transfer of climate-relevant gases between the oc  ...[more]

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