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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

ABSTRACT: Background The extent to which cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across the menopause explain racial/ethnic differences in subclinical vascular disease in late midlife women is not well documented and was explored in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods and Results Participants (n=1357; mean age 60 years) free of clinical CVD from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation had common carotid artery intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter, and carotid plaque presence assessed by ultrasonography on average 13.7 years after baseline visit. Early to late midlife time-averaged cumulative burden of traditional CVD risk factors calculated using serial measures from baseline to the ultrasound visit were generally less favorable in black and Hispanic women compared with white and Chinese women, including education and smoking status and time-averaged cumulative blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin. Independent of these risk factors, BMI, and medications, common carotid artery intima-media thickness was thicker in black women, interadventitial diameter was wider in Chinese women, yet plaque presence was lower in black and Hispanic women compared with white women. CVD risk factor associations with subclinical vascular measures did not vary by race/ethnicity except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on common carotid artery intima-media thickness; an inverse association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and common carotid artery intima-media thickness was observed in Chinese and Hispanic but not in white or black women. Conclusions Race/ethnicity did not particularly moderate the association between traditional CVD risk factors measured across the menopause transition and late midlife subclinical vascular disease. Unmeasured socioeconomic, cultural, and nontraditional biological risk factors likely play a role in racial/ethnic differences in vascular health and merit further exploration.

SUBMITTER: Barinas-Mitchell E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7070180 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

Barinas-Mitchell Emma E Duan Chunzhe C Brooks Maria M El Khoudary Samar R SR Thurston Rebecca C RC Matthews Karen A KA Jackson Elizabeth A EA Lewis Tené T TT Derby Carol A CA

Journal of the American Heart Association 20200217 4

Background The extent to which cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across the menopause explain racial/ethnic differences in subclinical vascular disease in late midlife women is not well documented and was explored in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods and Results Participants (n=1357; mean age 60 years) free of clinical CVD from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation had common carotid artery intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter, and carotid plaque presence assessed by ul ...[more]

PMID: 32063114

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Project description:ImportanceKnowledge gaps persist regarding racial and ethnic variation in late-life depression, including differences in specific depressive symptoms and disparities in care.ObjectiveTo examine racial/ethnic differences in depression severity, symptom burden, and care.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study included 25 503 of 25 871 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), a randomized trial of cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention conducted from November 2011 to December 2017. Data analysis was conducted from June to September 2018.ExposureRacial/ethnic group (ie, non-Hispanic white; black; Hispanic; Asian; and other, multiple, or unspecified race).Main outcomes and measuresDepressive symptoms, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8); participant-reported diagnosis, medication, and/or counseling for depression. Differences across racial/ethnic groups were evaluated using multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression to compare PHQ-8 scores and multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds of item-level symptom burden and odds of depression treatment among those with diagnosed depression.ResultsThere were 25 503 VITAL participants with adequate depression data (mean [SD] age, 67.1 [7.1] years) including 12 888 [50.5%] women, 17 828 [69.9%] non-Hispanic white participants, 5004 [19.6%] black participants, 1001 [3.9%] Hispanic participants, 377 [1.5%] Asian participants, and 1293 participants [5.1%] who were categorized in the other, multiple, or unspecified race group. After adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health confounders, black participants had a 10% higher severity level of PHQ-8 scores compared with non-Hispanic white participants (rate ratio [RR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; P < .001); Hispanic participants had a 23% higher severity level of PHQ-8 scores compared with non-Hispanic white participants (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.38; P < .001); and participants in the other, multiple, or unspecified group had a 14% higher severity level of PHQ-8 scores compared with non-Hispanic white participants (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.25; P = .007). Compared with non-Hispanic white participants, participants belonging to minority groups had 1.5-fold to 2-fold significantly higher fully adjusted odds of anhedonia (among black participants: odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.47-2.11; among Hispanic participants: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.43-2.69), sadness (among black participants: OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.60; among Hispanic participants: OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.51-2.88), and psychomotor symptoms (among black participants: OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.31-2.39; among Hispanic participants: OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.28-3.50); multivariable-adjusted odds of sleep problems and guilt appeared higher among Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white participants (sleep: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52; guilt: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.31-2.59). Among those with clinically significant depressive symptoms (ie, PHQ-8 score ≥10) and/or those with diagnosed depression, black participants were 61% less likely to report any treatment (ie, medications and/or counseling) than non-Hispanic white participants after adjusting for confounders (adjusted OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.56).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, significant racial and ethnic differences in late-life depression severity, item-level symptom burden, and depression care were observed after adjustment for numerous confounders. These findings suggest a need for further examination of novel patient-level and clinician-level factors underlying these associations.

Project description:Objective We determine whether racial concordance between postpartum patients and obstetric providers (dyads) impacts the perception of quality of care among people undergoing intrapartum obstetrical procedures.Study design This is a prospective cohort study of postpartum people who underwent operative vaginal or cesarean deliveries in the second stage of labor. Participants were asked to identify the race of their primary provider and complete the Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) survey, which assesses communication, patient-centered decision-making, and interpersonal style. The association of participant-identified patient-provider racial concordance with IPC scores was determined. The primary outcome was the IPC subdomain related to discrimination, and secondary outcomes included other IPC subdomains and IPC results by participant racial identity (Black, LatinX vs. White). Sociodemographic and biomedical data were extracted from the medical record. Bivariable analyses were performed.Results Of 168 patients who were approached, 107 (63.6%) agreed to participate and 87 (81.3%) completed the survey. The majority (n=49) identified a racially discordant provider. Participants in racially concordant dyads were more likely to be older, White, use English as a primary language, complete a higher degree of education, and have a higher household income when compared with racially discordant dyads. Intrapartum outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Median IPC subtest scores were not significantly different between groups or between racial/ethnic identities.Conclusion There were no significant differences in perceptions of IPC between racially concordant versus discordant dyads. However, there is an ongoing need to further clarify measures of quality of care in high-acuity obstetrical situations to remediate ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in adverse health outcomes.Key points· Racial concordance between patient and clinician has been associated with improved quality of care.. · There are limited data on racial concordance and perceptions of operative obstetrical care (e.g., operative vaginal delivery).. · Racial concordance was not associated with differences in patient-perceived quality of care associated with operative obstetrics..

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

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