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Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.

ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are favorable molecules sought in blood samples, since they are abundant, stable in circulation, and harbor genetic information and other biomolecules that could serve as biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomal noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have demonstrated the diagnostic potential to detect CRC at an early stage with a higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and CA19-9 alone. Moreover, they have prognostic potential that is TNM stage specific and could serve as predictive biomarkers for the most common chemotherapeutic drug and combination regimen in CRC, which are 5-FU and FOLFOX, respectively. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of these exosomal noncoding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes as a liquid biopsy target.

SUBMITTER: Baassiri A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7073025 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.

Baassiri Amro A Nassar Farah F Mukherji Deborah D Shamseddine Ali A Nasr Rihab R Temraz Sally S

International journal of molecular sciences 20200219 4

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are f ...[more]

PMID: 32092975

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Project description:Aim:Traditional non-invasive diagnostic markers for gastric cancer (GC) exhibit insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Circulating exosomes are clinically useful non-invasive biomarkers for tumor diagnosis. In addition to their potential role in cancer biology, circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of promising cancer biomarkers. In the present study, we aimed to identify lncRNAs in circulating exosomes with potential as biomarkers for GC detection. Methods:We compared the expression of CEBPA-AS1 between GC cells and gastric epithelial cells. The biological function of exosomal CEBPA-AS1 was determined by cell phenotype experiments and rescue assays. We also compared the expression of CEBPA-AS1 in cancerous tissue from GC patients and corresponding adjacent normal tissues, as well as the expression of CEBPA-AS1 in plasma exosomes of GC patients and healthy controls. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Results:CEBPA-AS1 was highly expressed in both GC cells and in exosomes secreted by GC cells. In addition, CEBPA-AS1-containing exosomes secreted by GC cells could promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, thereby inducing the malignant behavior of GC cells. The level of CEBPA-AS1 was also significantly increased in tissues and plasma exosomes of GC patients. Stability tests showed that most plasma CEBPA-AS1 was encased in exosomes, thus avoiding degradation by RNases. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of exosome-derived CEBPA-AS1. The AUC value of CEBPA-AS1 in discriminating GC patients from healthy controls was 0.824, which was higher than the diagnostic accuracy of other traditional tumor biomarkers. Conclusion:CEBPA-AS1-containing exosomes secreted from GC cells could promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and induce GC progression, indicating that exosomal CEBPA-AS1 is involved in cell-to-cell communication in GC carcinogenesis. Exosomal CEBPA-AS1 is a promising new biomarker for clinical diagnosis of GC.

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Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.

Publications

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.

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