Dataset Information

Seasonal Variation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Three Subantarctic Red Seaweeds.

ABSTRACT: UV-absorbing compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are a group of secondary metabolites present in many marine species, including red seaweeds. In these organisms, the content and proportion of the composition of MAAs vary, depending on the species and several environmental factors. Its high cosmetic interest calls for research on the content and composition of MAAs, as well as the dynamics of MAAs accumulation in seaweeds from different latitudes. Therefore, this study aimed to survey the content of UV-absorbing MAAs in three Subantarctic red seaweeds during a seasonal cycle. Using spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques, the content and composition of MAAs of intertidal Iridaea tuberculosa, Nothogenia fastigiate, and Corallina officinalis were assessed. Some samples were also analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS in order to identify more precisely the MAA composition. I. tuberculosa exhibited the highest MAA values (above 1 mg g-1 of dried mass weight), while C. officinalis showed values not exceeding 0.4 mg g-1. Porphyra-334 was the main component in N. fastigiata, whereas I. tuberculosa and C. officinalis exhibited a high content of palythine. Both content and composition of MAAs varied seasonally, with high concentration recorded in different seasons, depending on the species, i.e., winter (I. tuberculosa), spring (N. fastigiata), and summer (C. officinalis). HPLC-ESI-MS allowed us to identify seven different MAAs. Two were recorded for the first time in seaweeds from Subantarctic areas (mycosporine-glutamic acid and palythine-serine), and we also recorded an eighth UV-absorbing compound which remains unidentified.

SUBMITTER: Jofre J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7074333 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Seasonal Variation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Three Subantarctic Red Seaweeds.

Jofre Jocelyn J Celis-Plá Paula S M PSM Figueroa Félix L FL Navarro Nelso P NP

Marine drugs 20200124 2

UV-absorbing compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are a group of secondary metabolites present in many marine species, including red seaweeds. In these organisms, the content and proportion of the composition of MAAs vary, depending on the species and several environmental factors. Its high cosmetic interest calls for research on the content and composition of MAAs, as well as the dynamics of MAAs accumulation in seaweeds from different latitudes. Therefore, this study aimed t ...[more]

PMID: 31991623

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Project description:Marine macroalgae is known to be a good source of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), especially red macroalgae. As a new type of active substance with commercial development prospects, the current progress in the extraction, isolation and characterization of MAAs is far from sufficient in terms of effectiveness in application. To determine the extraction processes of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.), a series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out in which the effects of solvents, the solid-liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature, on the yields of MAA extracts, were analyzed. Further, the isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp. were investigated. The results showed that the solid-liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature were 1:20 g/mL, 2 h, three times and 40 °C, respectively, when 25% methanol or 25% ethanol were used as the extraction solvent; these values were found to be suitable for the extraction of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae. Silica gel thin-layer chromatography was successfully used, for the first time, for the detection MAAs in this work, and it could be clearly seen that Bangia fusco-purpurea had the highest contents of MAAs among the four species of red macroalgae. MAA extracts from Bangia fusco-purpurea (or Gracilaria sp.) were isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain one fraction (or two fractions). The compositions and proportions of the MAAs in these fractions were determined via HPLC-ESI-MS spectra and by comparison with existing studies. Shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 95.4% of the T1 fraction, and palythenic acid was found in 4.6% of this fraction, while shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 96.3% of the J1 fraction, palythenic acid was found in 3.7% of the J2 fraction, and palythine was found in 100% of the J2 fraction, taken from the MAA extracts found in Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp., respectively. In addition, the relevant compositions and proportions of the MAA extracts taken from Gelidium amansii and Gracilaria confervoides were identified. This was the first study to report on the extraction process, isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.

Project description:BackgroundMycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), including shinorine and porphyra-334, are gaining attention as safe natural sunscreens. The production of MAAs has been achieved in diverse microbial hosts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While S. cerevisiae is the most extensively studied model yeast, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a promising candidate for the synthesis of valuable products. In this study, we explored the potential of Y. lipolytica as a host for producing MAAs, utilizing its advantages such as a robust pentose phosphate pathway flux and versatile carbon source utilization.ResultsWe produced MAAs in Y. lipolytica by introducing the MAA biosynthetic genes from cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme and Anabaena variabilis. These genes include mysA, mysB, and mysC responsible for producing mycosporine-glycine (MG) from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P). The two strains utilize different enzymes, D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homologue (MysD) in N. punctiforme and NRPS-like enzyme (MysE) in A. variabilis, for amino acid conjugation to MG. MysE specifically generated shinorine, a serine conjugate of MG, while MysD exhibited substrate promiscuity, yielding both shinorine and a small amount of porphyra-334, a threonine conjugate of MG. We enhanced MAAs production by selecting mysA, mysB, and mysC from A. variabilis and mysD from N. punctiforme based on their activities. We further improved production by strengthening promoters, increasing gene copies, and introducing the xylose utilization pathway. Co-utilization of xylose with glucose or glycerol increased MAAs production by boosting the S7P pool through the pentose phosphate pathway. Overexpressing GND1 and ZWF1, key genes in the pentose phosphate pathway, further enhanced MAAs production. The highest achieved MAAs level was 249.0 mg/L (207.4 mg/L shinorine and 41.6 mg/L of porphyra-334) in YP medium containing 10 g/L glucose and 10 g/L xylose.ConclusionsY. lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce MAAs, primarily shinorine. This achievement involved the introduction of MAA biosynthetic genes from cyanobacteria, establishing xylose utilizing pathway, and overexpressing the pentose phosphate pathway genes. These results highlight the potential of Y. lipolytica as a promising yeast chassis strain for MAAs production, notably attributed to its proficient expression of MysE enzyme, which remains non-functional in S. cerevisiae, and versatile utilization of carbon sources like glycerol.

Dataset Information

Seasonal Variation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Three Subantarctic Red Seaweeds.

Publications

Seasonal Variation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Three Subantarctic Red Seaweeds.

Similar Datasets

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