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Manipulation and Localized Deposition of Particle Groups with Modulated Electric Fields.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a new micro additive manufacturing process and initial characterization of its capabilities. The process uses modulated electric fields to manipulate and deposit particles from colloidal solution in a contactless way and is named electrophoretically-guided micro additive manufacturing (EP?AM). The inherent flexibility and reconfigurability of the EP?AM process stems from electrode array as an actuator use, which avoids common issues of controlling particle deposition with templates or masks (e.g., fixed template geometry, post-process removal of masks, and unstable particle trapping). The EP?AM hardware testbed is presented alongside with implemented control methodology and developed process characterization workflow. Additionally, a streamlined two-dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM) of the EP?AM process is used to compute electric field distribution generated by the electrode array and to predict the final deposition location of particles. Simple particle manipulation experiments indicate proof-of-principle capabilities of the process. Experiments where particle concentration and electric current strength were varied demonstrate the stability of the process. Advanced manipulation experiments demonstrate interelectrode deposition and particle group shaping capabilities where high, length-to-width, aspect ratio deposits were obtained. The experimental and FEM results were compared and analyzed; observed process limitations are discussed and followed by a comprehensive list of possible future steps.

SUBMITTER: Pritchet D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7074757 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Manipulation and Localized Deposition of Particle Groups with Modulated Electric Fields.

Pritchet David D Ehmann Kornel K Cao Jian J Huang Jiaxing J

Micromachines 20200223 2

This paper presents a new micro additive manufacturing process and initial characterization of its capabilities. The process uses modulated electric fields to manipulate and deposit particles from colloidal solution in a contactless way and is named electrophoretically-guided micro additive manufacturing (EPμAM). The inherent flexibility and reconfigurability of the EPμAM process stems from electrode array as an actuator use, which avoids common issues of controlling particle deposition with tem ...[more]

PMID: 32102176

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Project description:We have developed droplet microfluidic devices in thermoplastics and demonstrated the integration of key functional components that not only facilitate droplet generation, but also include electric field-assisted reagent injection, droplet splitting, and magnetic field-assisted bead extraction. We manufactured devices in poly(methyl methacrylate) and cyclic olefin polymer using a hot-embossing procedure employing silicon masters fabricated via photolithography and deep reactive ion etching techniques. Device characterization showed robust fabrication with uniform feature transfer and good embossing yield. Channel modification with heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane increased device hydrophobicity, allowing stable generation of 330-pL aqueous droplets using T-junction configuration. Picoinjector and K-channel motifs were also both successfully integrated into the thermoplastic devices, allowing for robust control over electric field-assisted reagent injection, as well as droplet splitting with the K-channel. A magnetic field was also introduced to the K-channel geometry to allow for selective concentration of magnetic beads while decanting waste volume through droplet splitting. To show the ability to link multiple, modular features in a single thermoplastic device, we integrated droplet generation, reagent injection, and magnetic field-assisted droplet splitting on a single device, realizing a magnetic bead washing scheme to selectively exchange the fluid composition around the magnetic particles, analogous to the washing steps in many common biochemical assays. Finally, integrated devices were used to perform a proof-of-concept in-droplet β-galactosidase enzymatic assay combining enzyme-magnetic bead containing droplet generation, resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside substrate injection, enzyme-substrate reaction, and enzyme-magnetic bead washing. By integrating multiple droplet operations and actuation forces we have demonstrated the potential of thermoplastic droplet microfluidic devices for complex (bio)chemical analysis, and we envision a path toward mass fabrication of droplet microfluidic devices for a range of (bio)chemical applications.

Dataset Information

Manipulation and Localized Deposition of Particle Groups with Modulated Electric Fields.

Publications

Manipulation and Localized Deposition of Particle Groups with Modulated Electric Fields.

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