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Calcineurin signaling pathway influences Aspergillus niger biofilm formation by affecting hydrophobicity and cell wall integrity.

ABSTRACT: Background:Biofilms, as a kind of fixed-cell community, can greatly improve industrial fermentation efficiency in immobilized fermentation, but the regulation process is still unclear, which restricts their application. Ca2+ was reported to be a key factor affecting biofilm formation. However, the effect of Ca2+ on biofilm structure and microbiology was yet only studied in bacteria. How Ca2+-mediated calcineurin signaling pathway (CSP) alters biofilm formation in bacteria and fungi has rarely been reported. On this basis, we investigated the regulation of CSP on the formation of biofilm in Aspergillus niger. Results:Deletion of the key genes MidA, CchA, CrzA or CnaA in the CSP lowered the Ca2+ concentration in the mycelium to a different extent, inhibited the formation of A. niger biofilm, reduced the hydrophobicity and adhesion of spores, destroyed the cell wall integrity of hyphae, and reduced the flocculation ability of hyphae. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of spore hydrophobic protein RodA, galactosaminogalactan (GAG) biosynthesis genes (uge3, uge5, agd3, gtb3), and ?-1,3-glucan biosynthesis genes (ags1, ags3) in the ?MidA, ?CchA, ?CrzA, ?CnaA strains were significantly down-regulated compared with those of the wild type (WT). In addition, the transcription levels of the chitin synthesis gene (chsB, chsD) and ?-1,3-glucan synthesis gene (FksA) were consistent with the change in chitin and ?-1,3-glucan contents in mutant strains. Conclusion:These results indicated that CSP affected the hydrophobicity and adhesion of spores, the integrity of mycelial cell walls and flocculation by affecting Ca2+ levels in mycelium, which in turn affected biofilm formation. This work provides a possible explanation for how CSP changes the formation of A. niger biofilm, and reveals a pathway for controlling biofilm formation in industrial immobilized fermentation.

SUBMITTER: Liu L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7075038 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Calcineurin signaling pathway influences <i>Aspergillus niger</i> biofilm formation by affecting hydrophobicity and cell wall integrity.

Liu Li L Yu Bin B Sun Wenjun W Liang Caice C Ying Hanjie H Zhou Shengmin S Niu Huanqing H Wang Yibing Y Liu Dong D Chen Yong Y

Biotechnology for biofuels 20200316

<h4>Background</h4>Biofilms, as a kind of fixed-cell community, can greatly improve industrial fermentation efficiency in immobilized fermentation, but the regulation process is still unclear, which restricts their application. Ca<sup>2+</sup> was reported to be a key factor affecting biofilm formation. However, the effect of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on biofilm structure and microbiology was yet only studied in bacteria. How Ca<sup>2+</sup>-mediated calcineurin signaling pathway (CSP) alters biofilm form ...[more]

PMID: 32190119

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Project description:Polymicrobial biofilms play important roles in oral and systemic infections. The oral plaque bacterium Streptococcus gordonii is known to attach to the hyphal cell wall of the fungus Candida albicans to form corn-cob like structures in biofilms. However, the role of C. albicans in formation of polymicrobial biofilms is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role of C. albicans transcription factors in regulation of polymicrobial biofilms and antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii. The proteins secreted by C. albicans and S. gordonii in mixed planktonic cultures were determined using mass spectrometry. Antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii to ampicillin and erythromycin was determined in mixed cultures and mixed biofilms with C. albicans. Additionally, biofilm formation of S. gordonii with C. albicans knock-out mutants of 45 transcription factors that affect cell wall integrity, filamentous growth and biofilm formation was determined. Furthermore, these mutants were also screened for antibiotic tolerance in mixed biofilms with S. gordonii. Analysis of secreted proteomes resulted in the identification of proteins being secreted exclusively in mixed cultures. Antibiotic testing showed that S. gordonii had significantly increased survival in mixed planktonic cultures with antibiotics as compared to single cultures. C. albicans mutants of transcription factors Sfl2, Brg1, Leu3, Cas5, Cta4, Tec1, Tup1, Rim101 and Efg1 were significantly affected in mixed biofilm formation. Also mixed biofilms of S. gordonii with mutants of C. albicans transcription factors, Tec1 and Sfl2, had significantly reduced antibiotic tolerance as compared to control cultures. Our data indicates that C. albicans may have an important role in mixed biofilm formation as well as antibiotic tolerance of S. gordonii in polymicrobial biofilms. C. albicans may play a facilitating role than being just an innocent bystander in oral biofilms and infections.

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Calcineurin signaling pathway influences Aspergillus niger biofilm formation by affecting hydrophobicity and cell wall integrity.

Publications

Calcineurin signaling pathway influences <i>Aspergillus niger</i> biofilm formation by affecting hydrophobicity and cell wall integrity.

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