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Leaf-Wounding Long-Distance Signaling Targets AtCuAO? Leading to Root Phenotypic Plasticity.

ABSTRACT: The Arabidopsis gene AtCuAO? (At4g14940) encodes an apoplastic copper amine oxidase (CuAO) highly expressed in guard cells of leaves and flowers and in root vascular tissues, especially in protoxylem and metaxylem precursors, where its expression is strongly induced by the wound signal methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derived by the AtCuAO?-driven oxidation of the substrate putrescine (Put), mediates the MeJA-induced early root protoxylem differentiation. Considering that early root protoxylem maturation was also induced by both exogenous Put and leaf wounding through a signaling pathway involving H2O2, in the present study we investigated the role of AtCuAO? in the leaf wounding-induced early protoxylem differentiation in combination with Put treatment. Quantitative and tissue specific analysis of AtCuAO? gene expression by RT-qPCR and promoter::green fluorescent protein-?-glucuronidase fusion analysis revealed that wounding of the cotiledonary leaf induced AtCuAO? gene expression which was particularly evident in root vascular tissues. AtCuAO? loss-of-function mutants were unresponsive to the injury, not showing altered phenotype upon wounding in comparison to wild type seedlings. Exogenous Put and wounding did not show synergy in inducing early root protoxylem maturation, suggesting their involvement in a shared signaling pathway.

SUBMITTER: Fraudentali I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7076439 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Leaf-Wounding Long-Distance Signaling Targets AtCuAOβ Leading to Root Phenotypic Plasticity.

Fraudentali Ilaria I Rodrigues-Pousada Renato A RA Tavladoraki Paraskevi P Angelini Riccardo R Cona Alessandra A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20200215 2

The Arabidopsis gene AtCuAOβ (At4g14940) encodes an apoplastic copper amine oxidase (CuAO) highly expressed in guard cells of leaves and flowers and in root vascular tissues, especially in protoxylem and metaxylem precursors, where its expression is strongly induced by the wound signal methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derived by the AtCuAOβ-driven oxidation of the substrate putrescine (Put), mediates the MeJA-induced early root protoxylem differe ...[more]

PMID: 32075218

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Project description:Cucurbits developed the unique extrafascicular phloem (EFP) as a defensive structure against herbivorous animals. Mechanical leaf injury was previously shown to induce a systemic wound response in the EFP of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Here, we demonstrate that the phloem antioxidant system and protein modifications by NO are strongly regulated during this process. Activities of the central antioxidant enzymes dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase were rapidly down-regulated at 30 min with a second minimum at 24 h after wounding. As a consequence levels of total ascorbate and glutathione also decreased with similar bi-phasic kinetics. These results hint toward a wound-induced shift in the redox status of the EFP. Nitric oxide (NO) is another important player in stress-induced redox signaling in plants. Therefore, we analyzed NO-dependent protein modifications in the EFP. Six to forty eight hours after leaf damage total S-nitrosothiol content and protein S-nitrosylation were clearly reduced, which was contrasted by a pronounced increase in protein tyrosine nitration. Collectively, these findings suggest that NO-dependent S-nitrosylation turned into peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration upon a stress-induced redox shift probably involving the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the EFP. Using the biotin switch assay and anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies we identified 9 candidate S-nitrosylated and 6 candidate tyrosine-nitrated phloem proteins. The wound-responsive Phloem Protein 16-1 (PP16-1) and Cyclophilin 18 (CYP18) as well as the 26.5 kD isoform of Phloem Protein 2 (PP2) were amenable to both NO modifications and could represent important redox-sensors within the cucurbit EFP. We also found that leaf injury triggered the systemic accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the EFP and discuss the possible function of this second messenger in systemic NO and redox signaling within the EFP.

Dataset Information

Leaf-Wounding Long-Distance Signaling Targets AtCuAO? Leading to Root Phenotypic Plasticity.

Publications

Leaf-Wounding Long-Distance Signaling Targets AtCuAOβ Leading to Root Phenotypic Plasticity.

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