Dataset Information

Continuous Exposure to Ethylene Differentially Affects Senescence in Receptacle and Achene Tissues in Strawberry Fruit.

ABSTRACT: Strawberry shelf life is limited, and little is known about the postharvest regulation of senescence in different fruit tissues. Strawberry is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, yet it is known that ethylene affects strawberry ripening. Here the effects of continuous exogenous ethylene (50 µl l-1) were investigated in cold stored strawberry (5°C). The physiological and biochemical responses of ripe strawberry were evaluated across 6 days, together with hormonal profiles of the whole fruit and individual tissues (achenes and receptacle). Continuous exposure to ethylene induced as a first response an accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the receptacle tissue, followed by an increase in CO2 production. Ethylene also elicited sucrose hydrolysis and malic acid catabolism, with the major effect seen after 4 days of ethylene exposure. Additionally, accumulation of phenolics (epicatechin and chlorogenic acid) were also observed in ethylene treated strawberry. Achenes did not exhibit a response to ethylene, yet catabolism of both ABA and auxins increased by two thirds during air storage. In contrast, ethylene induced ABA accumulation in the receptacle tissue without ABA catabolism being affected. This hormonal disequilibrium in response to ethylene between the two tissues was maintained during storage, and therefore might be the precursor for the following biochemical variations reported during storage.

SUBMITTER: Tosetti R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7080867 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Continuous Exposure to Ethylene Differentially Affects Senescence in Receptacle and Achene Tissues in Strawberry Fruit.

Tosetti Roberta R Elmi Fardusa F Pradas Inmaculada I Cools Katherine K Terry Leon A LA

Frontiers in plant science 20200312

Strawberry shelf life is limited, and little is known about the postharvest regulation of senescence in different fruit tissues. Strawberry is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, yet it is known that ethylene affects strawberry ripening. Here the effects of continuous exogenous ethylene (50 µl l<sup>-1</sup>) were investigated in cold stored strawberry (5°C). The physiological and biochemical responses of ripe strawberry were evaluated across 6 days, together with hormonal profiles of the who ...[more]

PMID: 32226433

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Project description:The fruit of the strawberry Fragaria×ananassa has traditionally been classified as non-climacteric because its ripening process is not governed by ethylene. However, previous studies have reported the timely endogenous production of minor amounts of ethylene by the fruit as well as the differential expression of genes of the ethylene synthesis, reception, and signalling pathways during fruit development. Mining of the Fragaria vesca genome allowed for the identification of the two main ethylene biosynthetic genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase. Their expression pattern during fruit ripening was found to be stage and organ (achene or receptacle) specific. Strawberry plants with altered sensitivity to ethylene could be employed to unravel the role of ethylene in the ripening process of the strawberry fruit. To this end, independent lines of transgenic strawberry plants were generated that overexpress the Arabidopsis etr1-1 mutant ethylene receptor, which is a dominant negative allele, causing diminished sensitivity to ethylene. Genes involved in ethylene perception as well as in its related downstream processes, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, pectin metabolism, and volatile biosynthesis, were differently expressed in two transgenic tissues, the achene and the receptacle. The different transcriptional responsiveness of the achene and the receptacle to ethylene was also revealed by the metabolic profiling of the primary metabolites in these two organs. The free amino acid content was higher in the transgenic lines compared with the control in the mature achene, while glucose and fructose, and citric and malic acids were at lower levels. In the receptacle, the most conspicuous change in the transgenic lines was the depletion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates at the white stage of development, most probably as a consequence of diminished respiration. The results are discussed in the context of the importance of ethylene during strawberry fruit ripening.

Project description:Strawberry is the most studied nonclimacteric fruit for understanding the role ethylene has in ripening regulation. However, previous studies on the effects of ethylene on strawberry ripening were conducted with detached fruit. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the effect of ethylene and the ethylene-action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applied at different developmental stages on important physical-chemical attributes of ripe 'Albion' strawberry. Fruit at four developmental stages that remained attached to the plant were dipped in one of three treatment solutions (Ethephon, 1-methylcyclopropene, and water), plus one absolute control that received no dip. Following treatment, when immature fruit were fully red or 24 h after treatment for red-treated fruit, strawberry fruit were assessed for physicochemical properties (mass, length, diameter, firmness, color, titratable acidity, soluble solids, pH, total phenolics, sugar, organic acid, amino acid, and volatile composition). The days following treatment required for fruit to ripen were also recorded. Treatments did not affect the rate of ripening nor fruit color, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, total phenolics, sugars, or organic acids of ripe fruit. Ethephon affected fruit mass, diameter, length, firmness, anthocyanins, amino acids, and volatiles, but these effects were dependent on fruit developmental stage at which the treatment was applied. When green fruit were treated with ethephon, ripe fruit had larger diameter and mass. Ethephon treatment of white fruit resulted in ripe fruit having greater anthocyanin content. Treatment of pink fruit resulted in ripe fruit having smaller diameter, length, and mass and greater firmness. Treatment of red fruit with ethephon altered fruit volatile composition, increasing concentrations of ethyl- and acetate-esters, which were reduced by the 1-MCP treatment. Ethephon treatment increased concentrations of 11 of the 19 free amino acids measured in ripe fruit with treatment of green and white fruit having the greatest effect. A total of 41 volatile compounds had significant correlations with 14 amino acids. While ethylene did not stimulate typical ripening of strawberry fruit, it does appear to alter fruit development and metabolism. The physiological effects of ethylene on strawberry fruit appear to depend on the developmental stage of the fruit.

Dataset Information

Continuous Exposure to Ethylene Differentially Affects Senescence in Receptacle and Achene Tissues in Strawberry Fruit.

Publications

Continuous Exposure to Ethylene Differentially Affects Senescence in Receptacle and Achene Tissues in Strawberry Fruit.

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