Dataset Information

Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions.

ABSTRACT: Heat stress and mastitis are major economic issues in dairy production. The objective was to test whether goat's mammary gland immune response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be conditioned by heat stress (HS). Changes in milk composition and milk metabolomics were evaluated after the administration of LPS in mammary glands of dairy goats under thermal-neutral (TN; n?=?4; 15 to 20?°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (n?=?4; 35?°C day, 28?°C night; 40% humidity) conditions. Milk metabolomics were evaluated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multivariate analyses were carried out. Heat stress reduced feed intake and milk yield by 28 and 21%, respectively. Mammary treatment with LPS resulted in febrile response that was detectable in TN goats, but was masked by elevated body temperature due to heat load in HS goats. Additionally, LPS increased milk protein and decreased milk lactose, with more marked changes in HS goats. The recruitment of somatic cells in milk after LPS treatment was delayed by HS. Milk metabolomics revealed that citrate increased by HS, whereas choline, phosphocholine, N-acetylcarbohydrates, lactate, and ß-hydroxybutyrate could be considered as putative markers of inflammation with different pattern according to the ambient temperature (i.e. TN vs. HS). In conclusion, changes in milk somatic cells and milk metabolomics indicated that heat stress affected the mammary immune response to simulated infection, which could make dairy animals more vulnerable to mastitis.

SUBMITTER: Salama AAK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7081266 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions.

Salama Ahmed A K AAK Contreras-Jodar Alexandra A Love Samantha S Mehaba Nabil N Such Xavier X Caja Gerardo G

Scientific reports 20200319 1

Heat stress and mastitis are major economic issues in dairy production. The objective was to test whether goat's mammary gland immune response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be conditioned by heat stress (HS). Changes in milk composition and milk metabolomics were evaluated after the administration of LPS in mammary glands of dairy goats under thermal-neutral (TN; n = 4; 15 to 20 °C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (n = 4; 35 °C day, 28 °C night; 40% humidity) conditions. Milk metabolomics ...[more]

PMID: 32193484

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Project description:Mastitis is the most common disease affecting dairy goats and causing economic losses. Although it is accepted that increased somatic cell count (SCC) is mainly a response to infection, its reliability for subclinical mastitis detection in goats is controversial. Indeed, many physiological and extrinsic variables can increase SCC, including breed, parity, age, stage of lactation, seasonal variations, and milking methods. In some animals, milk-secreting tissue is present in the wall of the teat and, in some instances, milk can filter through pores in the skin to the udder surface. This condition is known as "weeping teat" (WT). In these animals, mammary tissue might be prone to develop bacterial infections, although limited information is provided. Weeping teat seems to have a genetic background and is reported to be especially found in goat breeds selected for high milk production. Moreover, it is observed a genetic correlation between WT and decreased milk yield as well as increased somatic cell scores (SCS). Since information on this topic is very limited, this study aimed at investigating any possible relationship between WT, high SCC, and the presence of bacteria in goat milk. Alpine goat farms in Northern Italy were selected based on the presence of WT. Each herd was divided into two age-matched groups, identified as case (WT+) and control (WT-). Half-udder milk samples were collected aseptically at three timepoints; bacteriological analysis was performed, and SCC were determined and transformed in SCS. There was a positive association between SCS and the presence of bacteria in milk (P = 0.037) overall, whereas WT udder defect was associated with positive bacterial culture in just one herd (P = 0.053). Thus, this herd was further investigated, repeating the sampling and the analysis on the following year. The positive association between high SCS and the presence of bacteria in milk was then confirmed (P = 0.007), whereas no association with WT condition was found. These results indicate that WT defect is usually unrelated to both the outcome of milk bacterial culture and SCS. As a side outcome, we could confirm the role of bacterial infection in increasing SCS.

Project description:The objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient restriction on the liver transcriptomic response after 24 h challenge to intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in early lactation cows. At 24 ± 3 days of lactation, multiparous cows were fed either an ad libitum lactation diet (CON, n = 6), or a ration diluted with barley straw (48% DM) for 4 days (RES, n = 6). On day 3, one healthy rear mammary quarter from each cow was infused with 50 µg of LPS. Blood and liver biopsies were collected on day 4, corresponding to 24 h after LPS challenge. The liver transcriptome was analyzed using 44K bovine microarrays (Agilent Technologies). Blood and transcriptomic data were analyzed using SAS mixed models and GeneSpring (moderate t-test with Westfall-Young correction, P < 0.05), respectively, and data mining was performed using Panther and Pathway Studio software. The energy balance was no different before the diet change. By experimental design, energy intake was 41 and 97 ± 15 % of NEL requirements in RES and CON, respectively. Plasma NEFA and BHBA were higher, and glucose was lower in RES than in CON, which is consistent with a 4-day nutrient deficit in RES. Seventy seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CON and RES were identified, with 29 genes downregulated and 48 upregulated in RES. Genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (ACAT2, FASN, SCD), lactate metabolism (LDHC), and cortisol binding (SERPINA6) were downregulated in RES, while those involved in fatty acid oxidation, detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, lipoprotein lipid secretion, and gluconeogenesis (ACADVL, CPT1A, CPT1B, ANGPTL4, CYP4A11, HMGCSA, APOA1, APOA4, GK, PC and PCK2) were upregulated in RES. Overall, DEGs were in agreement with the negative energy balance and plasma metabolite profile, and reflect a state of intense lipomobilization, glucose deficit and ketogenesis in RES. Preliminary results suggest that nutrient restriction did not alter hepatic expression of genes directly involved in immune function 24 h after an intramammary LPS challenge.

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Dataset Information

Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions.

Publications

Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions.

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