Dataset Information

Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Flooding with Time-Varying Injection Pressure.

ABSTRACT: Polymer flooding is one of the most incipient chemical-based enhanced oil recovery process that utilizes the injection of polymer solutions into oil reservoirs. The presence of a polymer in water increases the viscosity of the injected fluid, which upon injection reduces the water-to-oil mobility ratio and the permeability of the porous media, thereby improving oil recovery. The objective of this work is to investigate strategies that would help increase oil recovery. For that purpose, we have studied the effect of injection pressure and increasing polymer concentration on flooding performance. This work emphasizes on the development of a detailed mathematical model describing fluid saturations, pressure, and polymer concentration during the injection experiments and predicts oil recovery. The mathematical model developed for simulations is a black oil model consisting of a two-phase flow (aqueous and oleic) of polymeric solutions in one-dimensional porous media as a function of time and z-coordinate. The mathematical model consisting of heterogeneous, nonlinear, and simultaneous partial differential equations efficiently describes the physical process and consists of various parameters and variables that are involved in our lab-scale process to quantify and analyze them. A dimensionless numerical solution is achieved using the finite difference method. We implement the second-order high-accuracy central and backward finite-divided-difference formula along the z-direction that results in the discretization of the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations with time as an independent variable. The input parameters such as porosity, permeability, saturation, and pore volume obtained from experimental data by polymer flooding are used in the simulation of the developed mathematical model. The model-predicted and commercial reservoir (CMG)-simulated oil production is in good agreement with experimental oil recoveries with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) in the range of 1.5-2.5 at a maximum constant pressure of 3.44 MPa as well as with temporal variation of the injection pressure between 2.41 and 3.44 MPa.

SUBMITTER: Manzoor AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7081442 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Flooding with Time-Varying Injection Pressure.

Manzoor Ahmad Ali AA

ACS omega 20200304 10

Polymer flooding is one of the most incipient chemical-based enhanced oil recovery process that utilizes the injection of polymer solutions into oil reservoirs. The presence of a polymer in water increases the viscosity of the injected fluid, which upon injection reduces the water-to-oil mobility ratio and the permeability of the porous media, thereby improving oil recovery. The objective of this work is to investigate strategies that would help increase oil recovery. For that purpose, we have s ...[more]

PMID: 32201815

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Project description:ImportanceOptimal blood pressure (BP) management in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) slows progression to end-stage renal disease. Studies often base progression risk on a single baseline BP measurement, which may underestimate risk.ObjectiveTo determine whether time-varying BP measurements are associated with a higher risk of progression of CKD than baseline BP measurements.Design, setting, and participantsThe ongoing longitudinal, prospective cohort study Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKID) recruited children from January 19, 2005, through March 19, 2014, from pediatric nephrology centers across North America, with data collected at annual study visits. Participants included children aged 1 to 16 years with a diagnosis of CKD and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Data were analyzed from February 11, 2005, through February 13, 2018.ExposuresOffice BP measurement classified as less than 50th percentile, 50th to less than 90th percentile, or at least 90th percentile. Blood pressure categories were treated as time fixed (baseline) or time varying (updated at each visit) in models.Main outcomes and measuresA composite renal outcome (50% GFR reduction from baseline, estimated GFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, or dialysis or transplant). Pooled logistic models using inverse probability weighting estimated the hazard odds ratio (HOR) of the composite outcome associated with each BP category stratified by CKD diagnosis.ResultsA total of 844 children (524 [62.1%] male; median age, 11 [interquartile range, 8-15] years; 151 [17.9%] black; 580 [68.7%] with nonglomerular CKD; and 264 [31.3%] with glomerular CKD) with complete baseline data and median follow-up of 4 (interquartile range, 2-6) years were included. One hundred ninety-six participants with nonglomerular diagnoses (33.8%) and 99 with glomerular diagnoses (37.5%) reached the composite outcome. Baseline systolic BP in at least the 90th percentile was associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome (HOR for nonglomerular disease, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.07-2.32]; HOR for glomerular disease, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.64-4.94]) compared with baseline systolic BP in less than the 50th percentile. Time-fixed estimates were substantially lower compared with time-varying systolic BP percentile categories (HOR among those with nonglomerular CKD, 3.75 [95% CI, 2.53-5.57]; HOR among those with glomerular diagnoses, 5.96 [95% CI, 3.37-10.54]) comparing those at or above the 90th percentile vs below the 50th percentile. Adjusted models (adjusted for proteinuria and use of antihypertensives) attenuated the risk in nonglomerular CKD (adjusted HOR for baseline measurement, 1.52 [95% CI, 0.98-2.36]; adjusted HOR for time-varying measurement, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.36-3.72]) and in glomerular CKD (adjusted HOR for baseline, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.39-2.36]; adjusted HOR for time-varying measurement, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.65-3.03]). Similar results were observed for diastolic BP.Conclusions and relevanceAmong children with nonglomerular CKD included in this study, elevated time-varying BP measurements were associated with a greater risk of CKD progression compared with baseline BP measurement. This finding suggests that previous studies using only baseline BP likely underestimated the association between BP and CKD progression.

Dataset Information

Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Flooding with Time-Varying Injection Pressure.

Publications

Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Flooding with Time-Varying Injection Pressure.

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