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Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries; the burden is expected to grow in less developed countries, such as Ethiopia. Lack of adequate information is one of the major problems preventing the design of cancer control strategies in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE:To characterize gynecological and breast cancers among clients attending Gynecologic clinic of Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college over 5 year period. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed characteristics of 2,002 female cancer patients who visited the Oncology unit of Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College from 2014-2018. We estimated the proportion, pattern and trend of common types of gynecologic cancers as well as breast cancer. The ten years incidence projection was also computed. RESULT:From the 2,002 malignancies, cervical (46.7%) was the most frequent cancer followed by breast (29.3%) and ovarian cancers (13%). The majority of breast cancers were observed among younger patients whereas cervical cancer was predominantly observed among older women. An overall increment in number of breast and gynecologic cancer was observed over the five years period. CONCLUSION:In this descriptive study, we found that breast and gynecologic cancers are important public health problems among women in Addis Ababa, and that the number of patients seeking care for these cancers is increasing. Additional studies are needed to identify risk factors for these cancers, particularly among younger women, to characterize the trends over time and to project the scope of the cancer problem expected in the future to inform cancer control programs. Increasing public awareness on the possible risk factors and screening is mandatory in addition to resource allocation for further studies and targeted intervention.

SUBMITTER: Hailu HE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7083302 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.

Hailu Haimanot E HE Mondul Alison M AM Rozek Laura S LS Geleta Temesgen T

PloS one 20200320 3

<h4>Introduction</h4>Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries; the burden is expected to grow in less developed countries, such as Ethiopia. Lack of adequate information is one of the major problems preventing the design of cancer control strategies in Ethiopia.<h4>Objective</h4>To characterize gynecological and breast cancers among clients attending Gynecologic clinic of Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college over 5 year period.<h4>Method ...[more]

PMID: 32196536

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Project description:BackgroundUnmet need for contraception refers to the proportion of women who want to postpone or stop childbearing but are not using a contraceptive method. Addressing unmet need is especially important for women with medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Preventing unintended pregnancy is crucial to improve pregnancy outcomes and minimize complications of CVD during pregnancy. However, unmet need for contraceptives continues to undermine the potential benefits of contraceptive use. This research aimed to determine the rate of unmet need for contraceptives and associated factors among women with cardiovascular disease having follow-up at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to May 31/2020. A total of 284 reproductive age women with cardiovascular disease having follow-up at the cardiac clinic of SPHMMC were enrolled consecutively until the desired sample size was reached. Data was collected through an exit interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable methods were used to analyze the level of unmet need and its associated factors.ResultsThe overall unmet need for contraception was 36.0% (95% CI: 30.4-41.5). The majority of the respondents lack counseling on contraception use. The most common reasons for non-use of a contraceptive method were fear of drug side effects and drug interaction. Unmet need for contraception was found to be more likely among those who have not been counseled on contraceptive utilization (AOR 6.7, CI 1.8-24.7) and those who lack partner support on contraception use (AOR = 6.2, CI: 1.91-19.8). Unmet need was also found to be more likely among women who have never used contraception before (AOR = 3.2, CI 1.12-8.92).ConclusionUnmet need for contraception was high in this high-risk population group. The cardiac follow-up clinic should implement client-centered counseling by a multidisciplinary team to address the needs of women and prevent consequences of unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, there is a need to initiate interventions that encourage communication between couples and increase male partner involvement through a renewed focus on couples counseling.

Project description:BackgroundDespite significant advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppression protocols, follow up periods and antimicrobial stewardship in modern medicine; post-renal transplantation urinary tract infection remained a major public health problem globally. This multiple serious squeals includes asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Among these, the bacterial origin of infection complications accounts for the most significant clinical, socio-economic impacts in many countries of the world. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial isolates that cause urinary tract infections, assess antibiotic susceptibility pattern among symptomatic and asymptomatic renal transplant recipients attending at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to August 2018 among 74 renal transplant recipients St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A first morning voided clean-catch mid-stream urine specimens were collected and 0.001 ml inoculated onto blood and MacConkey agar plates following the standard bacteriological protocols. It was incubated aerobically at 35-37 °C for 24-48 h. Cultural characteristics and series of biochemical tests were used for the identification of isolates to species level based on the standard bacteriological protocols.ResultsA hospital-based cross-sectional study has shown that significant bacteriuria was found in 11/74 (14.9, 95% CI =8.2-24.7) patients. The prevalence among females 6/32 (18.75%) was higher among males 5/42 (11.9%) without significant association (COR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.04-8.45, P = 0.253). Urinary tract infection was higher in the age group of 35-49 years old (19.3%). Age was statistically significant and stronger independent associated risk factor with crude odds ratio = 3.67, 95% CI = 2.89-20.07 and P = 0.003, respectively. The most prevalent bacteria isolates were Escherichia coli 2(18.2%), Staphylococcus aureus 2(18.2%), Acinetobacter spp. 2(18.2%), Enterococcus spp. 2(18.2%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci 2(18.2%) followed by Porteus mirabilis 1(9.1%). The majority (80%) of Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Simultaneously, the multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates accounts for 82% among tested kidney allograft recipients.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection in the study participants was relatively low with a prevalence of 14.9%. Majority of the study participants were asymptomatic and a higher percentage of females were involved. The multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in the present study account for 82%.

Project description:BackgroundMedication related problem (MRP) is an event occurring, as a result, the medication therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. Evidences reported that the prevalence of MRPs may result in a high burden of morbidity and decrease patients' quality of life. The problem is more significant among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a decline in kidney function and increase number of medications required to treat kidney disease and its complications. Thus, this study aimed to assess MRPs and its associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease.MethodHospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 adult ambulatory patients with CKD (stage 1-4) at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College. Data were collected through patient interview and medical chart review from 1st of June to 30th of August 2019. MRPs were identified based on the standard treatment guidelines. Cipolle MRPs classification was used to classify the MRPs and Micromedex® was used as drug interaction checker. Binary logistic regression was utilized to identify the associated factors and p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultA total of 325 MRPs were identified from 204 (82.3%) study participants giving 1.6 MRPs per participant. One MRP was identified among 114 (55.9%) patients while two MRPs were identified among 64 (31.4%). The most common class of MRPs were need additional drugs 114 (35.1%) followed by non-compliance 54 (16.6%), unnecessary drug therapy 46 (14.2%) and dose too low 46 (14.2%). The two most common reasons for non-compliance were unaffordability of drugs 26(48.1%) and the lack of patient understanding about drug taking instruction 10 (18.5%). The study showed that only occupation (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.292-21.288, P = 0.020) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI: 2.202-19.634, P = 0.001) had an association with the occurrence of MRPs.ConclusionThe prevalence of MRPs among ambulatory patients with CKD was high and need of additional drug therapy was the commonest MRPs.

Project description:Background and Aim:Pulmonary tuberculosis is still among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Different hematological abnormalities are commonly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis even though inconsistent results have been described. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of pulmonary tuberculosis patients visited St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods:From April to September 2018, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n=40) and control patients (n=40). About 5 mL venous blood and 2-5 mL sputum samples were collected and examined by Cell Dyn 1800 hematology analyzer and cultured using Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960), respectively. Independent t-test was performed with the help of SPSS version 20 software, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results:The proportion of male to female in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) and the control patients was 1.7 (25/15). Two-sample independent t-test revealed that the mean values of hemoglobin level (P=0.002), hematocrit (P=0.018), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (P=0.001) and relative lymphocyte percentage (P=0.036) of PTB were significantly lower than the control group. Moreover, significantly higher mean values were also observed in total white blood cell count (P=0.004), platelet count (P<0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001). Among the hematologic abnormalities detected, thrombocytosis and anemia presented in 65% and 25% of PTB patients, respectively. Conclusion:Statistically significant mean differences were observed in hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), MCHC, relative lymphocyte percentage, WBC, platelet count, relative neutrophil percentage and ESR values. So, the utilization of such data is important in providing preliminary information for diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis. In fact, a further large scale study is needed to substantiate this finding.

Project description:BackgroundThe health of individuals is not only the absence of disease checked medically, but also encompasses social and psychological aspects. Any departure from the state of physiological, psychological, or social well-being was affected by different factors. However, all contributory factors were not equally responsible for affecting disease. This study was undertaken as a search for the relative effects of sociocultural and individual behavioral factors contributing to acute and chronic gastritis patients visiting Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC).MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out on 364 patients visited SPHMMC in the study. Primary data were collected through an interview schedule tool with an exit approach by validating questions pertaining to sociocultural and individual behavioral factors. The status of gastritis was measured as whether patients had Helicobacter Pylori infection, signs and symptoms indicated gastritis that occurred, and persisted for less than a month, greater than a month, or none of the signs and symptoms. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression model were used to identify the predictors of gastritis severity. P-value ≤ 0.05 was declared as an indicator of statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of gastritis in the study area was 78.8%. Specifically, 48.9% and 29.9% had acute and chronic gastritis, respectively. The study found that low income and taking medicinal drugs was slightly significantly contributed to higher gastritis status; however, being younger age was slightly significantly contributed to lower gastritis status. Furthermore, the results indicated that eating spiced foods (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.508; 95% CI: 1.046, 2.174), lack of physical exercise regularly (AOR = 1.780; 95% CI: 1.001, 3.168), stress (AOR = 2.168; 95% CI: 1.379, 3.4066), and substance use (AOR = 1.478; 95% CI: 1.093, 1.999) were significantly contributed to higher gastritis status.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that women should take enough rest and sleep well, men refrain from involvement in any risky behaviors, young people and those who earn low income per month should equip with knowledge and understanding on how to practice good health behaviors, eating foods on time, avoiding eating spiced food frequently, doing physical exercise regularly, and taking medicinal drugs according to physician advice are recommended.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Suicide which is considered a psychiatric emergency, is a serious cause of mortality worldwide. Youth living with HIV/AIDS (YLWHA) have higher rates of suicidal behavior than the general public. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicide ideation and attempt among the Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) positive youth attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) follow up at St. Paul`s hospital Millennium Medical College and St. Peter`s specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 413 HIV positive youth were recruited for interviews, using the systematic random sampling technique. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess suicide. PHQ-9, the Oslo social support and HIV perceived stigma scale instruments were used to assess the factors. We computed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to assess factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. RESULT:The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempts were found to be 27.1% and 16.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, female sex (adjusted odd ratio(AOR) = 3.1, 95% CI, 1.6-6.0), family death (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.15-3.85), WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR = 3.1 95% CI 1.3-7.35), WHO clinical stage IV of HIV (AOR = 4.76, 95%CI, 1.3-7.35), co-morbid depression (AOR = 7.14, 95%CI, 3.9-12.9), and perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI, 2.27-8.2) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, whereas female sex (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI, 1.82-9.78), opportunistic infections (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI, 1.6-6.04), WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR = 3.1 95%CI 1.24-7.81), co-morbid depression (AOR = 5.6 95% CI, 2.8-11.1), and poor social support (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI, 1.2-9.4) were statistically significant with suicidal attempt. The result suggests that the magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempts among HIV positive youth were high. We recommend that clinicians consider youth with comorbid depression, perceived HIV stigma and poor social support.

Dataset Information

Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.

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Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.

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