Dataset Information

Alternative dietary protein and water temperature influence the skin and gut microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi).

ABSTRACT: Fish skin and gut microbiomes contribute to host health and growth and are often significantly different in aquaculture-reared fish compared to wild fish. Determining how factors associated with aquaculture, including altered diet and abiotic conditions, affect the microbiome will assist with optimizing farming practices and non-invasively assessing fish health. Here, juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) housed at optimal (22 °C) and non-optimal (26 °C) water temperature were fed a fishmeal control diet or the same diet substituted with 30% soy-protein concentrate (SPC) in order to investigate impacts on host health and the microbial community composition of the skin mucosa, gut mucosa and digesta. Each of these sites was observed to have a distinct microbiome composition. The combination of SPC and housing at 26 °C significantly reduced weight gain in yellowtail kingfish and affected immune parameters. The overall microbial composition and relative abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was also significantly altered by inclusion of SPC at 26 °C, with a notable increase in an OTU identified as Photobacterium in the skin mucosa and digesta. Increased relative abundance of Photobacterium sp. was significantly correlated with reduced levels of digesta myeloperoxidase in yellowtail kingfish; a recognized innate immunity defense mechanism. The changes in the microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish fed a diet containing 30% SPC at 26 °C highlights the importance of considering the interactive effects of diet and environmental factors on microbiome health in farmed yellowtail kingfish.

SUBMITTER: Horlick J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7085898 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alternative dietary protein and water temperature influence the skin and gut microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish (<i>Seriola lalandi</i>).

Horlick Jack J Booth Mark A MA Tetu Sasha G SG

PeerJ 20200319

Fish skin and gut microbiomes contribute to host health and growth and are often significantly different in aquaculture-reared fish compared to wild fish. Determining how factors associated with aquaculture, including altered diet and abiotic conditions, affect the microbiome will assist with optimizing farming practices and non-invasively assessing fish health. Here, juvenile yellowtail kingfish (<i>Seriola lalandi</i>) housed at optimal (22 °C) and non-optimal (26 °C) water temperature were fe ...[more]

PMID: 32219022

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Project description:Blood flukes are digeneans that infect wild and farmed fish that can cause a severe and potentially lethal disease in farmed fish. These parasites are undetectable in the larval stage based on macroscopic observations in the definitive host with the infection becoming evident when eggs accumulate in the branchial vessels. There are nine known species of the genus Paradeontacylix and seven exclusively parasitize Seriola spp. from several geographical areas. Seriola lalandi aquaculture farms are emerging at various localities in northern Chile. Here, we report, for the first time, two blood fluke species parasitizing S. lalandi in the Southeastern Pacific (Chile). In the laboratory, the gills and heart of fish were removed. The retained blood flukes were separated according to the infection site, fixed in 70% or 95% ethanol for taxonomic and molecular analysis, respectively. Morphometrical differences among the fluke species were evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA) using proportional body measurements. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 28S rDNA, cox1 mDNA using Bayesian inference (BI), and maximum likelihood (ML). Based on morphology, morphometry, and molecular analyses, two new species are proposed: P. humboldti n. sp. from the gills and P. olivai n. sp. from the heart of S. lalandi. Both were clearly distinguished from other species of Paradeontacylix by a combination of morphologic features (posterior tegumental spines, testes arrangement, body size). The genetic distance (based on cox1) among species was >10%. P. humboldti n. sp. and P. olivai n. sp. are sister species (with a common ancestor) independent of P. godfreyi from S. lalandi in Australia. The newly identified parasites may pose a risk to farmed S. lalandi as aporocotylids have been the cause of diseases in farmed fish from other geographical areas. In addition, some cages of S. lalandi are currently maintained in an open circulating system, which could favor the transmission of these parasites (if involved hosts are present in the environment).

Project description:In pelagic fish, embryo buoyancy is a noteworthy aspect of the reproductive strategy, and is associated with overall quality, survival, and further developmental success. In captivity, the loss of buoyancy of early embryos correlates with high mortality that might be related to massive cell death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate under captivity conditions the expression of genes related to the apoptosis process during the early embryonic development of the pelagic fish Seriola lalandi, and its relationship to the buoyancy of embryos. The relative expression of bcl2, bax-like, casp9, casp8, and casp3 was evaluated by RT-qPCR and FasL/Fas protein levels by western blot in five development stages of embryos sorted as floating or low-floating. All genes examined were expressed in both floating and low-floating embryos up to 24 h of development. Expression of the pro-apoptotic factors bax, casp9, casp8, and casp3 was higher in low-floating as compared with floating embryos in a developmental stage-specific manner. In contrast, there was no difference in expression of bcl2 between floating and low-floating embryos. Fas protein was detected as a single band in floating embryos without changes in expression throughout development; however, in low-floating embryos, three higher intensity reactive bands were detected in the 24-h embryos. Interestingly, FasL was only detected at 24-h in floating embryos, whereas in low-floating samples this ligand was present at all stages, with a sharp increase as development progressed. Cell death, as evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, was highly increased in low-floating embryos as compared to floating embryos throughout all developmental stages, with the highest levels observed during the gastrula stage and at 24 h. The results of this study suggest that an increase in cell death, probably associated with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, is present in low-floating embryos that might explain their lower developmental potential under captivity conditions.

Dataset Information

Alternative dietary protein and water temperature influence the skin and gut microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi).

Publications

Alternative dietary protein and water temperature influence the skin and gut microbial communities of yellowtail kingfish (<i>Seriola lalandi</i>).

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