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Changes in tannin and saponin components during co-composting of Camellia oleifera Abel shell and seed cake.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the co-compost product of the shell and seed cake of Camellia oleifera Abel, which is a small evergreen tree in the family Theaceae. Tannin and saponin contents in compost samples at different time-points and their compositional changes, as well as their relationships with nutrients and compost maturity, were analyzed using an UPLC-triple-TOF/MS system. Our results showed that tannins in the compost samples mainly consisted of 11 phenolic acid compounds, of which four small-molecule phenolic acid compounds were found in low contents. Saponins mainly consisted of five saponin aglycones (A, B, C, D, E) and four of their derivatives in C. oleifera. Microbially secreted enzymes converted the large-molecule phenolic acid compounds into small-molecule compounds and their derivatives, while saponins were decomposed into saponin aglycones. Contents of tannin and saponin had correlations with the C/N ratio, germination index (GI), and the Solvita maturity index. After composting, the content of tannin was reduced to less than 1%, and the content of saponin was not more than 2%. And compost products were safe.

SUBMITTER: Zhang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7094852 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in tannin and saponin components during co-composting of Camellia oleifera Abel shell and seed cake.

Zhang Jinping J Ying Yue Y Li Xuebin X Yao Xiaohua X

PloS one 20200325 3

This study investigated the co-compost product of the shell and seed cake of Camellia oleifera Abel, which is a small evergreen tree in the family Theaceae. Tannin and saponin contents in compost samples at different time-points and their compositional changes, as well as their relationships with nutrients and compost maturity, were analyzed using an UPLC-triple-TOF/MS system. Our results showed that tannins in the compost samples mainly consisted of 11 phenolic acid compounds, of which four sma ...[more]

PMID: 32210466

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Project description:Camellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil species; however, the shortage of rapid and industrialized seedling culture is a large constraint on the development of the tea oil industry. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the main powerful biotechnological tools for plant mass regeneration, but the largely unknown SE in C. oleifera limits the scale production of clonal plants. In this study, we described a high-efficiency SE system via direct and indirect pathways in C. oleifera and investigated the effect of genotype, explant age and phytohormones on SE. In the direct pathway, somatic embryos were highly induced from immature seeds 220 days after full blossom, and the development of embryoids was achieved with a combination of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). In the indirect pathway, embryogenic calli were induced from the same explants in medium containing 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D, while 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D treatment led to high proliferation rates for embryogenic calli. The addition of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-D alone stimulated the production of globular embryos while causing a 75% loss of the induction rate in the heart embryo stage. Upon transfer of the globular embryos to phytohormone-free medium, an optimal induction rate of 62.37% from globular embryos to cotyledonary embryos was obtained. These data suggest that the subsequent differentiation process after the globular embryo stage in ISE is more similar to an endogenous phytohormones-driven process. Mature embryos germinated to produce intact plantlets on half-strength MS basal medium with a regeneration rate of 63.67%. Histological analysis confirmed the vascular bundle isolation of embryoids from the mother tissue. We further studied the different varieties and found that there were no significant genotype differences for SE induction efficiency in C. oleifera. Thus, we established a high-efficiency induction system for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) in C. oleifera and regenerated intact plantlets via SE, not organogenesis. ISE has a more complicated induction and regulatory mechanism than direct somatic embryogenesis. The improved protocol of SE would benefit mass propagation and genetic manipulation in C. oleifera.

Dataset Information

Changes in tannin and saponin components during co-composting of Camellia oleifera Abel shell and seed cake.

Publications

Changes in tannin and saponin components during co-composting of Camellia oleifera Abel shell and seed cake.

Similar Datasets

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