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Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin.

ABSTRACT: Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health 1 . Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 2-10 . Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experimental evidence that a novel HKU2-related bat coronavirus, swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), is the aetiological agent that was responsible for a large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs in China that has caused the death of 24,693 piglets across four farms. Notably, the outbreak began in Guangdong province in the vicinity of the origin of the SARS pandemic. Furthermore, we identified SADS-related CoVs with 96-98% sequence identity in 9.8% (58 out of 591) of anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013-2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) that are known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs. We found that there were striking similarities between the SADS and SARS outbreaks in geographical, temporal, ecological and aetiological settings. This study highlights the importance of identifying coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats to mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health and economic growth.

SUBMITTER: Zhou P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7094983 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin.

Zhou Peng P Fan Hang H Lan Tian T Yang Xing-Lou XL Shi Wei-Feng WF Zhang Wei W Zhu Yan Y Zhang Ya-Wei YW Xie Qing-Mei QM Mani Shailendra S Zheng Xiao-Shuang XS Li Bei B Li Jin-Man JM Guo Hua H Pei Guang-Qian GQ An Xiao-Ping XP Chen Jun-Wei JW Zhou Ling L Mai Kai-Jie KJ Wu Zi-Xian ZX Li Di D Anderson Danielle E DE Zhang Li-Biao LB Li Shi-Yue SY Mi Zhi-Qiang ZQ He Tong-Tong TT Cong Feng F Guo Peng-Ju PJ Huang Ren R Luo Yun Y Liu Xiang-Ling XL Chen Jing J Huang Yong Y Sun Qiang Q Zhang Xiang-Li-Lan XL Wang Yuan-Yuan YY Xing Shao-Zhen SZ Chen Yan-Shan YS Sun Yuan Y Li Juan J Daszak Peter P Wang Lin-Fa LF Shi Zheng-Li ZL Tong Yi-Gang YG Ma Jing-Yun JY

Nature 20180404 7700

Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health <sup>1</sup> . Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) <sup>2-10</sup> . Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experim ...[more]

PMID: 29618817

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Project description:Bats are reservoirs for diverse coronaviruses, including swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). SADS-CoV was first identified in diarrheal piglets in 2017. As a novel alphacoronavirus, SADS-CoV shares ~95% identity with bat alphacoronavirus HKU2. SADS-CoV has been reported to have broad cell tropism and inherent potential to cross host species barriers for dissemination. Thus far, no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to treat infections with SADS-CoV. Therefore, knowledge of the protein-coding gene set and a subcellular localization map of SADS-CoV proteins are fundamental first steps in this endeavor. Here, all SADS-CoV genes were cloned separately into Flag-tagged plasmids, and the subcellular localizations of viral proteins, with the exception of nsp11, were detected using confocal microscopy techniques. As a result, nsp1, nsp3-N, nsp4, nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp10, nsp14, and nsp15 were localized in the cytoplasm and nuclear spaces, and these viral proteins may perform specific functions in the nucleus. All structural and accessory proteins were mainly localized in the cytoplasm. NS7a and membrane protein M colocalized with the Golgi compartment, and they may regulate the assembly of SADS-CoV virions. Maturation of SADS-CoV may occur in the late endosomes, during which envelope protein E is involved in the assembly and release of the virus. In summary, the present study demonstrates for the first time the location of all the viral proteins of SADS-CoV. These fundamental studies of SADS-CoV will promote studies of basic virology of SADS-CoV and support preventive strategies for animals with infection of SADS-CoV. IMPORTANCE SADS-CoV is the first documented spillover of a bat coronavirus that causes severe diseases in domestic animals. Our study is an in-depth annotation of the newly discovered swine coronavirus SADS-CoV genome and viral protein expression. Systematic subcellular localization of SADS-CoV proteins can have dramatic significance in revealing viral protein biological functions in the subcellular locations. Furthermore, our study promote understanding the fundamental science behind the novel swine coronavirus to pave the way for treatments and cures.

Dataset Information

Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin.

Publications

Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin.

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