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Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure.

ABSTRACT: Aim:This study aimed to predict the potential inflammation in lungs caused by exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA; in silico study) and assess inflammation in lungs in response to MMA inhalation in mice (in vivo study). Materials and Methods:In silico and in vivo studies were performed using 24 mice divided into a control group (0 ppm MMA) and five treatment groups, which were exposed to 150 ppm MMA for 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 min, respectively. Lung tissues were harvested and examined with a light microscope at 400×. Results:In silico studies confirmed the existence of one activation bond between MMA and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), namely, His 228, with a MolDock score of -43.677 kcal/mol. Microscopic examination of lungs confirmed that a greater number of inflammatory cells were found in the treatment group than in the control group and symptoms of inflammation were clearly observable after 120 min of exposure. Conclusion:Thus, inflammation occurring due to MMA interaction with TLR-4 receptors can be predicted in silico and exposure to 150 ppm MMA for more than 120 min can cause lung inflammation in mice.

SUBMITTER: Goenharto S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7096300 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure.

Goenharto Sianiwati S Sudiana I Ketut IK Salim Sherman S Rusdiana Elly E Wahjuni Sri S

Veterinary world 20200211 2

<h4>Aim</h4>This study aimed to predict the potential inflammation in lungs caused by exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA; <i>in silico</i> study) and assess inflammation in lungs in response to MMA inhalation in mice (<i>in vivo</i> study).<h4>Materials and methods</h4><i>In silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies were performed using 24 mice divided into a control group (0 ppm MMA) and five treatment groups, which were exposed to 150 ppm MMA for 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 min, respectively. Lung ...[more]

PMID: 32255966

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Project description:Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from renewable plant-based materials exhibit strong potential for improving properties of polymers by their dispersal in the polymer matrix as a composite phase. However, the hydrophilicity and low thermal stability of CNCs lead to compromised particle dispersibility in common polymers and limit the processing conditions of polymer-CNC composites, respectively. One route that has been explored is the modification of CNCs to alter surface chemistry. Acrylic materials are used in a broad class of polymers and copolymers with wide commercial applications. Yet, the available methods for adding groups that react with acrylics to enhance dispersion are quite limited. In this work, a versatile chemical modification route is described that introduces acryloyl functional groups on CNCs that can in turn be polymerized in subsequent steps to create acrylic-CNC composites. The hydroxyl group on CNC surfaces was reacted with the isocyanate moiety on 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), a bifunctional molecule possessing both the isocyanate group and acryloyl group. The resulting modified CNCs (mCNCs) showed enhanced hydrophobicity and dispersibility in organic solvent relative to unmodified CNCs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis verified the surface modification and allowed an estimation of the degree of modification as high as 0.4 (26.7% surface hydroxyl substitution CNC). The modified CNCs were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, and the composites had improved dispersion relative to composites with unmodified CNCs and enhanced (104%) tensile strength at 2 wt % CNC when compared to the neat poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), indicating a benefit of the reactive acryloyl groups added to the CNC surface. Overall, the modification strategy was successful in functionalizing CNCs, opening possibilities for their use in organic media and matrices.

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Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure.

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Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure.

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