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Highly Soluble Indigo Derivatives as Practical Diesel Absorption Markers.

ABSTRACT: This work describes the practical production of novel indigo derivatives from commercially available and economically friendly indigo and investigation for their potential use as diesel markers. Introduction of solubilizing long alkyl chains into an indigo molecule via formation of arylimino moieties at its carbonyl sites and amidation at its amino groups greatly enhances the solubility in diesel and several common organic solvents. Effects of the number and position of the alkyl chains on the absorption behavior of the compounds are discussed. Because of their superior absorption in a region where the diesel cannot absorb, indigo N-arylimine and N-monoacyl-substituted indigo derivatives can serve as diesel absorption markers at detection wavelengths of 590 and 575 nm, respectively. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis suggested that this target marker is stable in diesel for at least 3 months under ambient conditions. Furthermore, physical testing according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards indicates that addition of these markers at a concentration of 5 ppm does not significantly affect the physical properties of the original diesel, thus confirming the applicability of these compounds for marking of commercial diesels.

SUBMITTER: Modsiri S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7098005 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly Soluble Indigo Derivatives as Practical Diesel Absorption Markers.

Modsiri Sucheera S Pongmaneerat Prapinporn P Tawil Sumana S Promarak Vinich V Thamyongkit Patchanita P

ACS omega 20200310 11

This work describes the practical production of novel indigo derivatives from commercially available and economically friendly indigo and investigation for their potential use as diesel markers. Introduction of solubilizing long alkyl chains into an indigo molecule via formation of arylimino moieties at its carbonyl sites and amidation at its amino groups greatly enhances the solubility in diesel and several common organic solvents. Effects of the number and position of the alkyl chains on the a ...[more]

PMID: 32226885

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Project description:Our knowledge of the mechanisms and regulation of intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins under normal physiological conditions, and of the factors/conditions that affect and interfere with theses processes has been significantly expanded in recent years as a result of the availability of a host of valuable molecular/cellular tools. Although structurally and functionally unrelated, the water-soluble vitamins share the feature of being essential for normal cellular functions, growth and development, and that their deficiency leads to a variety of clinical abnormalities that range from anaemia to growth retardation and neurological disorders. Humans cannot synthesize water-soluble vitamins (with the exception of some endogenous synthesis of niacin) and must obtain these micronutrients from exogenous sources. Thus body homoeostasis of these micronutrients depends on their normal absorption in the intestine. Interference with absorption, which occurs in a variety of conditions (e.g. congenital defects in the digestive or absorptive system, intestinal disease/resection, drug interaction and chronic alcohol use), leads to the development of deficiency (and sub-optimal status) and results in clinical abnormalities. It is well established now that intestinal absorption of the water-soluble vitamins ascorbate, biotin, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamin is via specific carrier-mediated processes. These processes are regulated by a variety of factors and conditions, and the regulation involves transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional mechanisms. Also well recognized now is the fact that the large intestine possesses specific and efficient uptake systems to absorb a number of water-soluble vitamins that are synthesized by the normal microflora. This source may contribute to total body vitamin nutrition, and especially towards the cellular nutrition and health of the local colonocytes. The present review aims to outline our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins, their regulation, the cell biology of the carriers involved and the factors that negatively affect these absorptive events.

Dataset Information

Highly Soluble Indigo Derivatives as Practical Diesel Absorption Markers.

Publications

Highly Soluble Indigo Derivatives as Practical Diesel Absorption Markers.

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