Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Humans and Livestock, Pakistan, 2015-2017.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zohaib A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7101105 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC3310117 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC3713814 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease transmitted to humans by bite of infected ticks or by direct contact with blood or tissues of viremic patients or livestock. The present cross-sectional meta-analysis study is based on previous data which have shown that the human CCHFV seroprevalence in specific regions of Greece is high (> 5%). In the absence of human cases, it has been suggested that a non- or low-pathogenic strain is circulating in the country causing asymptomatic infections. A spatial cluster analysis was performed to assess the geographical variations in CCHFV seropositivity and to identify the risk factors. The overall CCHFV seroprevalence is 3.8%, with significant rate difference between the eastern and western part of the country. Apart the risk factors described in previous studies (age, sex, tick bite, agropastoral activities), the altitude, the land cover type and the transitional woodland/shrub land per person, as well as the number of livestock per person, and specifically the number of goats, sheep and cattle per person, were shown to affect significantly the seroprevalence. Tick studies are needed to identify the circulating strains and unravel the mystery of CCHF epidemiology in Greece.
| S-EPMC5991861 | biostudies-other
Project description:We studied the clinical and epidemiologic features of an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Herat Province, Afghanistan. The study comprised 63 patients hospitalized in 2017. The overall case-fatality rate was 22.2%; fatal outcome was significantly associated with a negative IgM test result, longer prothrombin time, and nausea.
| S-EPMC6649324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We conducted a serologic survey for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats; N = 3,890) on Corsica (island of France) during 2014-2016. Overall, 9.1% of animals were seropositive, suggesting this virus circulates on Corsica. However, virus identification is needed to confirm these results.
| S-EPMC7181912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is one of the most severe viral zoonozes. It is prevalent throughout Africa, Asia and southern Europe. Limited availability of sequence data has hindered phylogeographic studies. The complete genomic sequence of all three segments of 14 Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains isolated from 1958-2000 in Russia, Central Asia and Africa was identified. Each genomic segment was independently subjected to continuous Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. The origin of each genomic segment was traced to Africa about 1,000-5,000 years ago. The virus was first introduced to South and Central Asia in the Middle Ages, and then spread to China, India and Russia. Reverse transfers of genomic segments from Asia to Africa were also observed. The European CCHFV genotype V was introduced to Europe via the Astrakhan region in South Russia 280-400 years ago and subsequently gradually spread westward in Russia, to Turkey and the Balkans less than 150 years ago. Only a few recombination events could be suggested in S and L genomic segments, while segment reassortment was very common. The median height of a non-reassortant phylogenetic tree node was 68-156 years. There were reassortment events within the European CCHFV lineage, but not with viruses from other locations. Therefore, CCHFV in Europe is a recently emerged zoonosis that represents a spillover from the global gene pool.
| S-EPMC5120814 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During 2013-2014, we collected 1,926 serum samples from humans and 4,583 ticks (Hyalomma asiaticum or Dermacentor nuttalli) in select regions of Mongolia to determine the risk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection among humans in this country. Testing of human serum samples by ELISA demonstrated an overall CCHFV antibody prevalence of 1.4%; Bayankhongor Province had the highest prevalence, 2.63%. We pooled and analyzed tick specimens by real-time reverse transcription PCR; 1 CCHFV-positive H. asiaticum tick pool from Ömnögovi was identified. In phylogenetic analyses, the virus's partial small segment clustered with CCHFV isolates from Central Asia, and the complete medium segment grouped with CCHFV isolates from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This study confirms CCHFV endemicity in Mongolia and provides information on risk for CCHFV infection. Further research is needed to better define the risk for CCHFV disease to improve risk mitigation, diagnostics, and surveillance.
| S-EPMC6256378 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus (Nairovididae) and is a (re)emerging tick-borne pathogen. It is endemic in most parts of Africa, Asia and southern Europe, and can cause severe hemorrhagic symptoms in humans, with high fatality rates (5-30%).MethodsHyalomma ticks were collected from four different livestock herds (cattle and camels) in Mauritania in 2018. The tick species were determined morphologically and confirmed molecularly by using the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene marker. For the detection of CCHFV, ticks were tested individually by one-step multiplex real-time reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The small segment of all positive samples was sequenced to determine the CCHFV genotype.ResultsIn total, 39 of the 1523 ticks (2.56%) collected from 63 cattles and 28 camels tested positive for CCHFV. Three Hyalomma species were identified. Hyalomma rufipes had the largest proportion of positivity (5.67%; 16/282), followed by Hyalomma dromedarii (1.89%; 23/1214). No Hyalomma impeltatum tested positive (0%; 0/21). Positive ticks were found in only six out of 91 host animals. Viral sequence analysis revealed the presence of two different CCHFV lineages (Africa I and Africa III).ConclusionsIn this study, 2.56% of Hyalomma ticks collected from camels and cattle in Mauritania tested positive for CCHFV. However, the true prevalence of CCHFV in unfed ticks may be lower, as a considerable number of ticks may have been passively infected during blood-feeding by co-feeding ticks or due to viremia of the host. The results indicate the need to track the actual area of circulation of this virus.
| S-EPMC8244218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe illness with high case fatality that occurs in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The complete genomes of 13 geographically and temporally diverse virus strains were determined, and CCHF viruses were found to be highly variable with 20 and 8%, 31 and 27%, and 22 and 10% nucleotide and deduced amino acid differences detected among virus S (nucleocapsid), M (glycoprotein), and L (polymerase) genome segments, respectively. Distinct geographic lineages exist, but with multiple exceptions indicative of long-distance virus movement. Discrepancies among the virus S, M, and L phylogenetic tree topologies document multiple RNA segment reassortment events. An analysis of individual segment datasets suggests genetic recombination also occurs. For an arthropod-borne virus, the genomic plasticity of CCHF virus is surprisingly high.
| S-EPMC1563879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne febrile illness with wide geographic distribution. CCHF is caused by infection with the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and case fatality rates can be as high as 30%. Despite causing severe disease in humans, our understanding of the host and viral determinants of CCHFV pathogenesis are limited. A major limitation in the investigation of CCHF has been the lack of suitable small animal models. Wild-type mice are resistant to clinical isolates of CCHFV and consequently, mice must be deficient in type I interferon responses to study the more severe aspects of CCHFV. We report here a mouse-adapted variant of CCHFV that recapitulates in adult, immunocompetent mice the severe CCHF observed in humans. This mouse-adapted variant of CCHFV significantly improves our ability to study host and viral determinants of CCHFV-induced disease in a highly tractable mouse model.
| S-EPMC7811403 | biostudies-literature