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Deletion of Gpr27 in vivo reduces insulin mRNA but does not result in diabetes.

ABSTRACT: Gpr27 is a highly conserved, orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) previously implicated in pancreatic beta cell insulin transcription and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Here, we characterize a whole-body mouse knockout of Gpr27. Gpr27 knockout mice were born at expected Mendelian ratios and exhibited no gross abnormalities. Insulin and Pdx1 mRNA in Gpr27 knockout islets were reduced by 30%, but this did not translate to a reduction in islet insulin content or beta cell mass. Gpr27 knockout mice exhibited slightly worsened glucose tolerance with lower plasma insulin levels while maintaining similar insulin tolerance. Unexpectedly, Gpr27 deletion reduced expression of Eif4e3, a neighboring gene, likely by deleting transcription start sites on the anti-sense strand of the Gpr27 coding exon. Our data confirm that loss of Gpr27 reduces insulin mRNA in vivo but has only minor effects on glucose tolerance.

SUBMITTER: Chopra DG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7101378 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deletion of Gpr27 in vivo reduces insulin mRNA but does not result in diabetes.

Chopra Deeksha G DG Yiv Nicholas N Hennings Thomas G TG Zhang Yaohuan Y Ku Gregory M GM

Scientific reports 20200327 1

Gpr27 is a highly conserved, orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) previously implicated in pancreatic beta cell insulin transcription and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Here, we characterize a whole-body mouse knockout of Gpr27. Gpr27 knockout mice were born at expected Mendelian ratios and exhibited no gross abnormalities. Insulin and Pdx1 mRNA in Gpr27 knockout islets were reduced by 30%, but this did not translate to a reduction in islet insulin content or beta cell mass. ...[more]

PMID: 32221326

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Project description:Aims/hypothesisHeterozygous mutations in the insulin gene that affect proinsulin biosynthesis and folding are associated with a spectrum of diabetes phenotypes, from permanent neonatal diabetes to MODY. In vivo studies of these mutations may lead to a better understanding of insulin mutation-associated diabetes and point to the best treatment strategy. We studied an 18-year-old woman with MODY heterozygous for the insulin mutation p.R46Q (GlnB22-insulin), measuring the secretion of mutant and wild-type insulin by LC-MS. The clinical study was combined with in vitro studies of the synthesis and secretion of p.R46Q-insulin in rat INS-1 insulinoma cells.MethodsWe performed a standard 75 g OGTT in the 18-year-old woman and measured plasma glucose and serum insulin (wild-type insulin and GlnB22-insulin), C-peptide, proinsulin, glucagon and amylin. The affinity of GlnB22-insulin was tested on human insulin receptors expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. We also examined the subcellular localisation, secretion and impact on cellular stress markers of p.R46Q-insulin in INS-1 cells.ResultsPlasma GlnB22-insulin concentrations were 1.5 times higher than wild-type insulin at all time points during the OGTT. The insulin-receptor affinity of GlnB22-insulin was 57% of that of wild-type insulin. Expression of p.R46Q-insulin in INS-1 cells was associated with decreased insulin secretion, but not induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.Conclusions/interpretationThe results show that beta cells can process and secrete GlnB22-insulin both in vivo and in vitro. Our combined approach of immunoprecipitation and LC-MS to measure mutant and wild-type insulin may be useful for the study of other mutant insulin proteins. The ability to process and secrete a mutant protein may predict a more benign course of insulin mutation-related diabetes. Diabetes develops when the beta cell is stressed because of increased demand for insulin, as observed in individuals with other insulin mutations that affect the processing of proinsulin to insulin or mutations that reduce the affinity for the insulin receptor.

Dataset Information

Deletion of Gpr27 in vivo reduces insulin mRNA but does not result in diabetes.

Publications

Deletion of Gpr27 in vivo reduces insulin mRNA but does not result in diabetes.

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