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Genetic and linguistic non-correspondence suggests evidence for collective social climbing in the Kol tribe of South Asia.

ABSTRACT: Both classical and recent genetic studies have unanimously concluded that the genetic landscape of South Asia is unique. At long distances the 'isolation-by-distance' model appears to correspond well with the genetic data, whereas at short distances several other factors, including the caste, have been shown to be strong determinant factors. In addition with these, tribal populations speaking various languages add yet another layer of genetic complexity. The Kol are the third most populous tribal population in India, comprising communities speaking Austroasiatic languages of the Northern Munda branch. Yet, the Kol have not hitherto undergone in-depth genetic analysis. In the present study, we have analysed two Kol groups of central and western India for hundreds thousands of autosomal and several mitochondrial DNA makers to infer their fine genetic structure and affinities to other Eurasian populations. In contrast, with their known linguistic affinity, the Kol share their more recent common ancestry with the Indo-European and Dravidian speaking populations. The geographic-genetic neighbour tests at both the temporal and spatial levels have suggested some degree of excess allele sharing of Kol1 with Kol2, thereby indicating their common stock. Our extensive analysis on the Kol ethnic group shows South Asia to be a living genetics lab, where real-time tests can be performed on existing hypotheses.

SUBMITTER: Srivastava A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7101412 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic and linguistic non-correspondence suggests evidence for collective social climbing in the Kol tribe of South Asia.

Srivastava Anshika A Singh Prajjval Pratap PP Bandopadhyay Audditiya A Singh Pooja P Das Debashruti D Tamang Rakesh R Chaubey Akhilesh Kumar AK Shrivastava Pankaj P van Driem George G Chaubey Gyaneshwer G

Scientific reports 20200327 1

Both classical and recent genetic studies have unanimously concluded that the genetic landscape of South Asia is unique. At long distances the 'isolation-by-distance' model appears to correspond well with the genetic data, whereas at short distances several other factors, including the caste, have been shown to be strong determinant factors. In addition with these, tribal populations speaking various languages add yet another layer of genetic complexity. The Kol are the third most populous triba ...[more]

PMID: 32221319

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Project description:The World Health Organization recommends salt reduction as a cost-effective intervention to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Salt-reduction interventions are best tailored to the local context, taking into consideration the varying baseline salt-intake levels, population's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Fundamental to reduction programs is the source of dietary salt-intake. In South Asian countries, there is a paucity of such baseline evidence around factors that contribute to community salt intake. Upon reviewing the electronic literature databases and government websites through March 31, 2021, we summarized dietary salt intake levels and aimed to identify major sources of sodium in the diet. Information on the current salt reduction strategies in eight South Asian countries were summarized, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. One hundred twelve publications (out of identified 640) met our inclusion-exclusion criteria for full text review. Twenty-one studies were included in the review. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool. The primary result revealed that mean salt intake of South Asian countries was approximately twice (10 g/day) compared to WHO recommended intake (< 5 g/day). The significant proportion of salt intake is derived from salt additions during cooking and/or discretionary use at table. In most South Asian countries, there is limited data on population sodium intake based on 24-h urinary methods and sources of dietary salt in diet. While salt reduction initiatives have been proposed in these countries, they are yet to be fully implemented and evaluated. Proven salt reduction strategies in high-income countries could possibly be replicated in South Asian countries; however, further community-health promotion studies are necessary to test the effectiveness and scalability of those strategies in the local context.

Dataset Information

Genetic and linguistic non-correspondence suggests evidence for collective social climbing in the Kol tribe of South Asia.

Publications

Genetic and linguistic non-correspondence suggests evidence for collective social climbing in the Kol tribe of South Asia.

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