Glycomolecules in Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses via c-Raf.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hou J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7109156 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundEchinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) weakens macrophage inflammatory responses, thereby enabling the parasite to evade the immune system. However, the role of histone modification in this process remains to be explored.MethodsThe levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, H3K4me3, and KDM5B were detected using quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The enrichment of H3K4me3 and KDM5B at the promoter of inflammatory factors was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation.ResultsBased on EgCF-stimulated macrophage models, we found that EgCF significantly inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulated mRNA expression of IL-10 under the influence of TLR4. EgCF lowered the level of H3K4me3 and promoted the transcription and protein stability of histone demethylase KDM5B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that EgCF suppressed the enrichment of H3K4me3 modification at the promoters of TNF-α and IL-6 and downregulated their expression in macrophages. Additionally, the inhibition of KDM5B activity by CPI-455 weakened the anti-inflammatory effect of EgCF.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a novel mechanism through which EgCF promotes KDM5B expression and inhibits the enrichment of H3K4me3 at the promoters of inflammatory cytokines to suppress the inflammatory response.
| S-EPMC10492338 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEchinococcus granulosus can manipulate its host's immune response to ensure its own survival. However, the effect of histone modifications on the regulation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and downstream interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in response to the parasite is not fully understood.MethodsWe evaluated IL-1β secretion through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed reactive oxygen species levels using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 cells, a human macrophage cell line. The presence of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on NLRP3 and IL-1β promoters was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation.ResultsTreatment with E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) considerably reduced IL-1β secretion in mouse and human macrophages, although reactive oxygen species production increased. EgCF also suppressed the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Mechanistically, EgCF prompted the enrichment of repressive H3K27me3 modification on the promoters of both NLRP3 and IL-1β in macrophages. Notably, the presence of EgCF led to a significant reduction in the expression of the H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6B.ConclusionsOur study revealed that EgCF inhibits KDM6B expression and H3K27me3 demethylation, resulting in the transcriptional inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β. These results provide new insights into the immune evasion mechanisms of E. granulosus.
| S-EPMC10652454 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCurrently, the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis relies mostly on crude Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid as the antigen. Consequently, available immunodiagnostic tests lack standardization of the target antigen and, in turn, this is reflected on poor sensitivity and specificity of the serological diagnosis.Methodology/principal findingsHere, a chromatographic method enabling the generation of highly enriched Antigen 5 (Ag5) is described. The procedure is very easy, efficient and reproducible, since different hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) sources produced very similar chromatograms, notwithstanding the clearly evident and extreme heterogeneity of the starting material. In addition, the performance of the antigen preparation in immunological assays was preliminarily assessed by western immunoblotting and ELISA on a limited panel of cystic echinococcosis patients and healthy controls. Following western immunoblotting and ELISA experiments, a high reactivity of patient sera was seen, with unambiguous and highly specific results.Conclusions/significanceThe methods and results reported open interesting perspectives for the development of sensitive diagnostic tools to enable the timely and unambiguous detection of cystic echinococcosis antibodies in patient sera.
| S-EPMC4132071 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and animal husbandry. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) have emerged recently as mediators in the parasite-parasite intercommunication and parasite-host interactions. Exosome-like vesicles from parasites can transfer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into host cells to regulate their gene expression; however, the ncRNAs profiles of the ELVs from Echinococcus granulosus remain unknown. Here, we isolated protoscolece (PSC)-ELVs and hydatid fluid (HF)-ELVs from the culture medium for E. granulosus PSCs in vitro and the HF of fertile sheep cysts, respectively. The microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) profiles of the two types of ELVs were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and their functions were predicted using Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, 118 and 58 miRNAs were identified, respectively, among which 53 miRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 65 and 5 miRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively; 2,361 and 1,254 lncRNAs were identified in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively, among which 1,004 lncRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 1,357 and 250 lncRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively. Intriguingly, the spilled PSCs from cysts excrete ELVs with higher numbers of and higher expression levels of miRNAs and circRNAs than HF-ELVs. The miRNA sequencing data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the target lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by the 20 most abundant miRNAs were screened, and a ceRNA regulatory network containing 5 miRNAs, 41 lncRNAs, and 23 mRNAs was constructed, which provided new ideas and the molecular basis for further clarification of the function and mechanism of E. granulosus ELVs ncRNAs in the parasite-host interactions. Egr-miR-125-5p and egr-miR-10a-5p, sharing identical seed sites with host miRNAs, were predicted to mediate inflammatory response, collagen catabolic process, and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during parasite infections. In conclusion, for the first time, we identified the ncRNAs profiles in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs that might be involved in host immunity and pathogenesis, and enriched the ncRNAs data of E. granulosus. These results provided valuable resources for further analysis of the regulatory potential of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, in both types of ELVs at the parasite-host interface.
| S-EPMC7387405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Proliferation of macrophages is a hallmark of inflammation in many type 2 settings including helminth infections. The cellular expansion is driven by the type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), as well as by M-CSF, which also controls homeostatic levels of tissue resident macrophages. Cystic echinococcosis, caused by the tissue-dwelling larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is characterised by normally subdued local inflammation. Infiltrating host cells make contact only with the acellular protective coat of the parasite, called laminated layer, particles of which can be ingested by phagocytic cells. Here we report that a particulate preparation from this layer (pLL) strongly inhibits the proliferation of macrophages in response to IL-4 or M-CSF. In addition, pLL also inhibits IL-4-driven up-regulation of Relm-?, without similarly affecting Chitinase-like 3 (Chil3/Ym1). IL-4-driven cell proliferation and up-regulation of Relm-? are both known to depend on the phosphatidylinositol (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which is dispensable for induction of Chil3/Ym1. Exposure to pLL in vitro inhibited Akt activation in response to proliferative stimuli, providing a potential mechanism for its activities. Our results suggest that the E. granulosus laminated layer exerts some of its anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation and consequent limitation of macrophage proliferation.
| S-EPMC5155279 | biostudies-other
Project description:Echinococcus granulosus Transcriptome or Gene expression
| PRJNA573515 | ENA
Project description:Echinococcus granulosus Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA739481 | ENA
Project description:Echinococcus granulosus Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA667188 | ENA
Project description:Echinococcus granulosus, a tapeworm, can be transmitted to humans where a hydatid cyst can form
| PRJNA12620 | ENA