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Physiological response and cardiorespiratory adaptation after a 6-week Nordic Walking training targeted at lipid oxidation in a group of post-menopausal women.

ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) training, at the intensity corresponding to the dominance of lipid metabolism, on the levels of selected physiological indices, the haemodynamic indices of the cardiovascular system and physical fitness in sedentary women older than 55 years of age. In addition, the physiological response of the female body to the walking effort on treadmill with poles (NW) and without poles (W) was compared and the influence of training on this response was determined. A single group study with a pre-test/post-test study design was conducted. Eighteen women performed NW controlled intensity training 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) as well as circulatory and respiratory indices in two graded walking efforts on mechanical treadmill NW and W were measured before and after training period. The intensity of workouts, which considered the dominance of lipid metabolism, was determined individually, based on the dynamics of changes in the level of physiological indices during the graded intensity NW. After the course of training, body mass, fat mass, resting BP and HR decreased significantly (p < 0.05). HR and respiratory exchange ratio recorded during NW and W at 1.75 m.s-1 walking speed decreased, while the oxygen pulse increased (p < 0.05). VO2max increased significantly (p < 0.05). Before and after the training period HR, oxygen uptake per minute, and energy expenditure during NW were significantly higher than in W (p < 0.05). The study showed that 6-week NW training at the intensity corresponding to the dominance of lipid metabolism can provide improvement in body composition, cardiovascular function and physical performance in previously sedentary women. NW compared to the regular walk with the same speed revealed higher energy expenditure.

SUBMITTER: Cebula A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7112189 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physiological response and cardiorespiratory adaptation after a 6-week Nordic Walking training targeted at lipid oxidation in a group of post-menopausal women.

Cebula Agata A Tyka Anna Katarzyna AK Tyka Aleksander A Pałka Tomasz T Pilch Wanda W Luty Lidia L Mucha Dariusz D

PloS one 20200401 4

This study examined the effects of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) training, at the intensity corresponding to the dominance of lipid metabolism, on the levels of selected physiological indices, the haemodynamic indices of the cardiovascular system and physical fitness in sedentary women older than 55 years of age. In addition, the physiological response of the female body to the walking effort on treadmill with poles (NW) and without poles (W) was compared and the influence of training on this res ...[more]

PMID: 32236147

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Project description:Impaired iron metabolism is associated with increased risk of many morbidities. Exercise was shown to have a beneficial role; however, the mechanism is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between exerkines and iron metabolism in elderly women before and after 12 weeks of Nordic Walking (NW) training. Exerkines like myostatin, adiponectin, and osteocalcin have been shown to have several positive effects on metabolism. Thirty-six post-menopausal women (66 ± 5 years old, mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to a NW intervention group (n = 18; body mass, 68.8 ± 11.37 kg; fat, 23.43 ± 7.5 kg; free fat mass, 45.37 ± 5.92 kg) or a control group (n = 18; body mass, 68.34 ± 11.81 kg; fat, 23.61 ± 10.03 kg; free fat mass, 44.73 ± 3.9 kg). The training was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, with the intensity adjusted to 70% of the individual maximum ability. Before and one day after the 12-weeks intervention, performance indices were assessed using a senior fitness test. Blood samples (5 mL) were obtained from the participants between 7 and 8 AM, following an overnight fast, at baseline and one day immediately after the 12-week training program. A significant and large time ´ group interaction was observed for iron (NW: 98.6 ± 26.68 to 76.1 ± 15.31; CON: 100.6 ± 25.37 to 99.1 ± 27.2; p = 0.01; = 0.21), myostatin (NW: 4.42 ± 1.97 to 3.83 ± 1.52; CON: 4.11 ± 0.95 to 4.84 ± 1.19; p = 0.00; = 0.62), adiponectin (NW: 12.0 ± 9.46 to 14.6 ± 10.64; CON: 12.8 ± 8.99 to 11.9 ± 8.53; p = 0.00; = 0.58), and osteocalcin (NW: 38.9 ± 26.04 to 41.6 ± 25.09; CON: 37.1 ± 33.2 to 37.2 ± 32.29; p = 0.03; = 0.13). Furthermore, we have observed the correlations: basal ferritin levels were inversely correlated with changes in myostatin (r = -0.51, p = 0.05), change in adiponectin, and change in serum iron (r = -0.45, p = 0.05), basal iron, and osteocalcin after training (r = -0.55, p = 0.04). These findings indicate that iron modulates NW training-induced changes in exerkine levels.

Project description:Tendons are responsive to mechanical loading and their properties are often the target of intervention programs. The tendon's mechanical properties, particularly stiffness, also govern its function, therefore changes to these properties could have substantial influence on energy-saving mechanisms during activities utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle. We investigated Achilles tendon (AT) function in vivo during walking with respect to a training intervention that elicited significant increases in AT stiffness. 14 men and women completed 12-weeks of isometric plantarflexor strength training that increased AT stiffness, measured during isometric MVC, by ~31%. Before and after the intervention, participants walked shod at their preferred velocity on a fully-instrumented treadmill. Movement kinematics, kinetics and displacement of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon junction were captured synchronously using 3D motion capture and ultrasound imaging, respectively. A MANOVA test was used to examine changes in AT force, stress, strain, stiffness, Young's modulus, hysteresis and strain energy, measured during walking, before and following strength training. All were non-significant for a main effect of time, therefore no follow-up statistical tests were conducted. Changes in joint kinematics, tendon strain, velocity, work and power and muscle activity during the stance phase were assessed with 1D statistical parametric mapping, all of which also demonstrated a lack of change in response to the intervention. This in vivo examination of tendon function in walking provides an important foundation for investigating the functional consequences of training adaptations. We found substantial increases in AT stiffness did not impact on tendon function during walking. AT stiffness measured during walking, however, was unchanged with training, which suggests that increases in stiffness may not be evident across the whole force-elongation relation, a finding which may help explain previously mixed intervention results and guide future investigations in the functional implications of tendon adaptation.

Dataset Information

Physiological response and cardiorespiratory adaptation after a 6-week Nordic Walking training targeted at lipid oxidation in a group of post-menopausal women.

Publications

Physiological response and cardiorespiratory adaptation after a 6-week Nordic Walking training targeted at lipid oxidation in a group of post-menopausal women.

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