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Associations between cognitive performance and Mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with impaired cognitive performance, particularly in verbal memory. Mediterranean diets (MedD) may lead to improvements in overall and single cognitive functions. We hypothesised that adherence to MedD associates with better performance in verbal memory in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional analysis including patients with recently diagnosed type 1 (n?=?75) or type 2 diabetes (n?=?118), metabolically healthy individuals (n?=?41) and individuals with type 1 (n?=?44) or type 2 diabetes (n?=?62) of at least five years after diagnosis. Participants underwent comprehensive metabolic phenotyping and cognitive testing. Adherence to the Modified Mediterranean diet scale (MMDS) was computed from a food frequency questionnaire. Among patients with type 2 diabetes with a known diabetes duration ?5 years, closer adherence to the MMDS was associated with higher score in verbal memory after adjustment for potential confounders (P?=?0.043). Adherence to the MMDS did not relate to verbal memory in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (P?=?0.275), recently diagnosed or longer-standing type 1 diabetes (P?=?0.215 and P?=?0.626, respectively) or metabolically healthy individuals (P?=?0.666). In conclusion, closer adherence to MedD may exert beneficial effects on cognitive performance in the course of type 2 diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Kossler T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7113267 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between cognitive performance and Mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Kössler Theresa T Weber Katharina S KS Wölwer Wolfgang W Hoyer Annika A Strassburger Klaus K Burkart Volker V Szendroedi Julia J Roden Michael M Müssig Karsten K

Nutrition & diabetes 20200401 1

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with impaired cognitive performance, particularly in verbal memory. Mediterranean diets (MedD) may lead to improvements in overall and single cognitive functions. We hypothesised that adherence to MedD associates with better performance in verbal memory in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional analysis including patients with recently diagnosed type 1 (n = 75) or type 2 diabetes (n = 118), metabolically healthy individ ...[more]

PMID: 32238800

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Project description:BackgroundThe presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been demonstrated to pose an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between T1DM and CVDs remain unclear due to the uncontrolled confounding factors and reverse causation bias of the observational studies.MethodsSummary statistics of T1DM and seven CVDs from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry and FinnGen biobank were extracted for the primary MR analysis, and the analysis was replicated using UK biobank (UKBB) for validation. Three complementary methods: inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger were used for the MR estimates. The potential pleiotropic effects were assessed by MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test. Additionally, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to examine whether T1DM has independent effects on CVDs with adjustment of potential confounding factors. Moreover, a two-step MR approach was used to assess the potential mediating effects of these factors on the causal effects between T1DM and CVDs.ResultsCausal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.10; p = 0.002)] and coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; p = 0.001) were found. The results were less likely to be biased by the horizontal pleiotropic effects (both p values of MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO Global test > 0.05). In the following MVMR analysis, we found the causal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis remain significant after adjusting for a series of potential confounding factors. Moreover, we found that hypertension partly mediated the causal effects of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis (proportion of mediation effect in total effect: 11.47%, 95% CI: 3.23-19.71%) and coronary atherosclerosis (16.84%, 95% CI: 5.35-28.33%). We didn't find significant causal relationships between T1DM and other CVDs, including heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. For the reverse MR from CVD to T1DM, no significant causal relationships were identified.ConclusionThis MR study provided evidence supporting the causal effect of T1DM on peripheral atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis, with hypertension partly mediating this effect.

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Associations between cognitive performance and Mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Associations between cognitive performance and Mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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