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Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake: Implications for the Health of Women in Jordan.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:The existing factors that influence cervical cancer screening uptake worldwide do not necessarily reflect the situation in Jordan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among Jordanian women. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 500 married Jordanian women aged 21 to 65 years were recruited from eight nongovernmental organisations and community settings in Amman. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and reproductive data, a health utilisation data form, and scales on the perceived benefits of screening, perceived barriers to screening, perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, and perceptions regarding the severity of cervical cancer. Descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regressions, and independent t-tests were used in the data analysis. Results:Among the 500 age-eligible women, only 156 (31.2%) had been screened for cervical cancer. Healthcare provider encouragement, years of marriage (odds?ratio?(OR) = 5.24, confidence?interval?(CI) = 95%, p = 0.00), and use of the private healthcare sector (OR = 2.20, CI = 95%, p = 0.012) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion:Cervical cancer screening uptake among Jordanian women is significantly low; determining factors for the decision to undergo screening include encouragement from the healthcare provider, the number of years of marriage, and use of the private healthcare sector. To improve uptake, structured screening programmes need to be implemented in collaboration with national partners and institutions to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in Jordan.

SUBMITTER: Al-Amro SQ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7114762 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake: Implications for the Health of Women in Jordan.

Al-Amro Suzanne Q SQ Gharaibeh Muntaha K MK Oweis Arwa I AI

Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology 20200321

<h4>Purpose</h4>The existing factors that influence cervical cancer screening uptake worldwide do not necessarily reflect the situation in Jordan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among Jordanian women.<h4>Methods</h4>In this cross-sectional study, 500 married Jordanian women aged 21 to 65 years were recruited from eight nongovernmental organisations and community settings in Amman. Data were collected with a self-admi ...[more]

PMID: 32256030

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Project description:BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Ethiopia next to breast cancer. Despite the high burden of the disease and availability of free screening services in Ethiopia, uptake is still trivial. This study aims to identify factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake, VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) positivity and its predictors among women attending cervical cancer screening service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsConcurrent mixed study approach of qualitative interview (n?=?15) and cross-sectional study among 844 screened women was conducted from February to July 2018. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit survey participants from the selected health facilities while the key informants for an in-depth interview were selected purposively. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quantitative data and multivariable logistic regression was employed to explore factors associated with VIA positivity of the cervix among screened women. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach.ResultsThe VIA positivity of the cervix was 10.3%. Mean age of study participants was 35.74?±?7.6?years and women in the age group of ?45?years were about >?8 times more likely to have VIA test positive result compared to younger women (?24?years). Being single (AOR?=?3.2, 95%CI: 1.4-7.31), widowed (AOR?=?18.6, 95%CI: 3.8-91.2), initiating sexual intercourse early (<?16?years) (AOR?=?2.72; 95%CI: 1.65-4.49), and having two or more lifetime sexual partners (AOR?=?4.9; 95% CI: 1.31-8.75) were also found to be predictors of being VIA positive. Lack of awareness, inaccessibility of the screening service, cultural beliefs and negative perception towards cancer were found to be the major reasons for low uptake of cervical cancer screening.ConclusionThe VIA positivity among screened women in Addis Ababa was found to be moderately low compared to reports in other parts of Ethiopia. Having multiple sexual partners, being older age and initiation of sexual intercourse at an early age were associated with VIA positivity of the cervix. Thus, concerted efforts must be taken to increase accessibility of screening services and improve awareness regarding cervical cancer screening.

Project description:BackgroundCervical cancer screening has been effective in reducing incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, leading European countries to implement screening programs. However, migrant women show lower screening participation compared to nationals. This scoping review aims to provide a synthesis of the growing evidence on factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening among migrant women in Europe.MethodsElectronic peer-reviewed databases were searched in November 2019 for studies on factors related to the participation of migrants in cervical cancer screening conducted in EU/EFTA countries, using comprehensive search expressions. Retrieved articles were screened and those eligible were selected for data extraction. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Factors were classified in barriers and facilitators and were divided into further categories.ResultsTwenty out of 96 articles were selected and analyzed. Factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening were classified in categories related to sociodemographic, healthcare-system, psychological, migration, knowledge, language, and cultural factors. Lack of information, lack of female healthcare providers, poor language skills, and emotional responses to the test (especially fear, embarrassment and discomfort) were the most reported barriers to cervical cancer screening. Encouragement from healthcare providers and information available in migrants' languages were frequently stated as facilitators. Results on the role of sociodemographic factors, such as age, education, employment and marital status, are the most conflicting, highlighting the complexity of the issue and the possibility of interactions between factors, resulting in different effects on cervical cancer screening participation among migrant women. Several identified barriers to screening are like those to access to healthcare services in general.ConclusionsEfforts to increase migrant women's participation in CCS must target barriers to access to healthcare services in general but also specific barriers, including cultural differences about sexuality and gender, past traumatic personal experiences, and the gender and competences of healthcare professionals performing CCS. Healthcare services should strengthen resources to meet migrants' needs, including having CCS information translated and culturally adapted, as well as healthcare providers with skills to deal with cultural background. These findings can contribute to improve CCS programs among migrant women, reducing health disparities and enhancing their overall health and well-being.

Project description:The prevalence of cervical cancer among women aged 20-30 years has been increasing. A better understanding of the factors correlated with cervical cancer screening is vital to better identify suitable candidates and develop effective interventions. However, few studies have examined factors correlated with cervical cancer screening using a quantitative research design. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors correlated with cervical cancer screening among unmarried and sexually active Japanese women aged 20-29 years.Seven hundred Japanese women who responded to an internet-based cross-sectional survey conducted by a marketing research company in 2015 were enrolled. Associations between lifetime cervical cancer screening and demographic profile, sexual behavior, and psychosocial factors were assessed via univariate analysis. Variables indicating significance (P?<?0.05) were used in the univariate analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios (AOR).Overall, 383 (54.7%) respondents underwent cervical cancer screening during their lifetime. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, employment status, income, lifetime number of sex partners, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, receipt of a free coupon for cervical cancer screening from the local government, perceived susceptibility and logistical barriers (cost/time), and confidence of receiving Pap testing from a male physician were significantly correlated with lifetime cervical cancer screening. Individuals aged 28-29 years (AOR?=?1.86) and those with full-time employment (AOR?=?3.30), income ? ¥ 4,000,000($35,000) (AOR?=?1.60), >?5 lifetime sex partners (AOR?=?1.97), HPV vaccination (AOR?=?4.88), coupon from the local government (AOR?=?3.14), higher perceived level of cervical cancer susceptibility (middle, AOR?=?1.77; high, AOR?=?3.23), lower perceived logistical barriers (middle, AOR?=?0.55; high, AOR?=?0.31), and higher confidence of receiving pap testing from a male physician (AOR?=?2.66) were more likely to undergo cervical cancer screening.Women who were younger and unemployed and those with lower perceived cervical cancer susceptibility, higher perceived logistical barriers, and lower confidence of receiving Pap testing from a male physician were less likely to undergo lifetime cervical cancer screening. Thus, to increase the cervical cancer screening rate among young women, it may be effective to target younger unemployed women, provide interventions to increase perceived susceptibility, and recommend tests while considering psychosocial barriers.

Project description:PurposeCervical cancer screening has been successful in reducing the rates of cervical cancer in developed countries, but this disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to understand factors associated with limited uptake of screening services in our cervical cancer-screening program in Western Kenya.Participants and methodsUsing items from a previously validated cancer awareness questionnaire repurposed for use in cervical cancer and culturally adapted for use in Kenya, we interviewed 2,505 women aged 18-55 years receiving care in gynecology clinics or seeking other services in 4 health facilities in Western Kenya between April 2014 and September 2014. We used logistic regression modeling to assess factors associated with uptake (or non-uptake), associated odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOnly two hundred and seventy-three women out of 2505 (11%) accepted VIA cervical cancer screening. Knowledge of just how women are screened for cervical cancer was significantly associated with reduced uptake of cervical cancer screening (OR: 0.53; CI 0.38-0.73) as was fear that screening would reveal a cancer (OR 0.70; CI 0.63-0.77), and reliance on prayer with the onset of illness (OR 0.43; CI 0.26-0.71). Participants who thought that one should get cervical cancer screening even if there were no symptoms were more than twice as likely to accept cervical cancer screening (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.24-3.93). Older patients, patients living with HIV and women who do not know if bleeding immediately after sex might be a sign of cervical cancer were also more likely to accept screening (OR 1.03, CI 1.02-1.04; OR 1.78, CI 1.01-3.14; OR 2.39, CI 1.31-4.39, respectively).ConclusionsIn our population, a high percent of women knew that it is appropriate for all women to get cervical cancer screening, but only a small proportion of women actually got screening. There may be an opportunity to design educational materials for this population that will not only encourage participation in cervical cancer screening but also remediate misconceptions. The discussion illustrates how our findings could be used in such an effort.

Dataset Information

Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake: Implications for the Health of Women in Jordan.

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Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake: Implications for the Health of Women in Jordan.

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