Prevalence of Stunting and Its Associated Factors among Children of 6–59 Months in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
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SUBMITTER: Bogale B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7115144 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionDespite consistent economic growth in the country, malnutrition remains one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. The prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors are well studied among under-five children. However, there is a paucity of evidence among older children in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of stunting and thinness and their associated factors among school-age children.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 389 school-age children in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia, during April and May 2017. Height for age and body mass index for age z scores were calculated using WHO Anthro Plus software as indicators of stunting and thinness respectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between independent and outcome variables.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting and thinness were 41.9% (95% CI: 37-47) and 8.0% (95% CI: 5.4-10.8) respectively. The likelihood of stunting was significantly higher among children within the age group of 12-14 years old (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.78-4.95); children who were male (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.21-3.10); children living in households with medium wealth terciles (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.39-6.04); and children who were non-enrolled in schools (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.37-3.70). Moreover, thinness was 63% less common among children who had a dietary diversity score of <4 food groups (AOR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.16-0.89).ConclusionThe prevalence of thinness is low when compared to the prevalence reported by a single national school health and nutrition survey in Ethiopia. Stunting is a major public health concern. Therefore, this finding warrants the need to implement school health and nutrition programs to improve the nutritional status of school-age children in the study area. The interventions should focus towards both gender and special emphasis should also be given to increase the enrollment of children in schools. In addition, effort should be taken by stakeholders in different hierarchies to improve the family wealth status.
| S-EPMC6214544 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Mental health disorders have identified as being one of the public health issues throughout the world. Recent evidence reveals that more than 21 million people diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, there is little information about community perception and attitude towards people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the community perception and attitude towards people with Schizophrenia among residents of Arba Minch Zuria Districts, Southern Ethiopia. Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 617 randomly selected adults. Interviewer-administered standard tool was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and median computed. A binary logistic regression model used to identify factors affecting community perception and attitude towards people with schizophrenia. Results:Of the study population, 469 (76%) of respondents had good perception and 390 (63.2%) had positive attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. The study participants identified talkativeness and self-neglect behaviors as the most common manifestations of schizophrenia. Besides, this study identified substance misuse and head injury as the perceived cause and spiritual or traditional methods as a preferred treatment for people with schizophrenia. Moreover, the study participants preferred spiritual or traditional methods for the treatment of schizophrenia. Young age [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.40], females [AOR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.41], good perception towards people with schizophrenia [AOR=4.95, 95% CI: 3.25, 7.54] and no formal educational status [AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.33, 5.70], and primary education [AOR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.87, 7.39] were significantly associated with the attitude towards people with schizophrenia. Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that approximately one-third of the residents had unfavorable attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Therefore, giving special attention to male, elders and those who were educated, and individuals who have poor perceptions of people with schizophrenia is crucial.
| S-EPMC7480829 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hypertension is the leading risk factor for mortality and it is also one of the major risk factors for other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 on the estimated sample size of 3,368 adults at Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance site (HDSS). Data were collected using the WHO STEPS survey tools. Bivariate analysis was done to detect candidate variables at P-value less than 0.25 and entered into the final model to identify the independent predictors of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 18.92% (95% CI: 17.63-20.28). The magnitude increase among respondents in the older age group [AOR 1.39 (95%CI: 1.05-1.84), 1.68 (95% CI: 1.26-2.23) and 2.67 (95%CI: 2.01-3.56) for age group 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64, respectively, compared to 25-34 years old group] and those with the higher wealth index [AOR 1.86 (95%CI: 1.33-2.59), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.91-3.75) and 2.97 (95%CI: 2.08-4.25) for 3rd quantile, 4th quantile and 5th quantile, respectively, compared to 1st quantile]. The odds of hypertension reduce among married participants (AOR 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51-0.85). Respondents with overweight (AOR 1.44, 95%CI: 1.02-2.02), khat chewing (AOR3.31, 95%CI: 1.94-5.64), low fruit and/or vegetable consumption (AOR 1.27, 95%CI: 1.05-1.53) and those who do not use coffee and tea (AOR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.03-2.24) had significantly higher likelihood of hypertension. Nearly one out of five participants have hypertension in this population. As hypertension is one of the silent killers, it is advisable to develop a system for enabling early detection and monitoring in the older age groups and overweight individuals.
| S-EPMC7416932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHome birth preference is the need of pregnant women to give birth at their home with the help of traditional (unskilled) birth attendants. Homebirth with unskilled birth attendants during childbirth is the main leading indicator for maternal and newborn death. In Ethiopia, numbers of women prefer homebirth which is assisted by unskilled personal. However, there is no information regarding the problem in the Arba Minch zuria woreda. Therefore, it is important to identify prevalence of preference of homebirth and associated factors.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the preference of home birth and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site.Method and materialsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site, from May 1 to June 1, 2021. Using simple random sampling technique, 416 study samples were selected. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 4.4.2.1 computer software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25 for analysis. Bi-variable binary logistic regression for the selection of potential candidate variables at p-value < 0.25 for multivariable analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression to identify the association between homebirth preference and independent variables were carried out. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.ResultIn this study, in Arba Minch demographic health surveillance site, the prevalence of preference of pregnant women to give birth at their home was 24% [95%CI: (19.9%-28.2%)] The factors significantly associated with the preference of home birth were husband involvement in decision making [AOR: 0.14 (0.05-0.38)], no access of road for transportation [AOR: 2.4 (1.2-5.18)], not heard about the benefit of institutional birth [AOR: 5.3 (2.3-12.2)], poor knowledge about danger signs [AOR: 3 (1.16-7.6)], negative attitude toward services [AOR: 3.1 (1.19-8.02)], and high fear to give birth at institution [AOR: 5.12 (2.4-10.91)].ConclusionsIn Arba Minch demographic health surveillance site, the prevalence of preference of pregnant women to give birth at their home was 24%. Husband involvement in decision making, no access of road for transportation, not heard about the benefit of institutional birth, poor knowledge about danger signs, negative attitude toward services, and high fear to give birth at health institutions were factors significantly associated with the preference of home birth.
| S-EPMC9612484 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiaper dermatitis is one of infants and toddlers' most common skin diseases; it accounts for 10-20 % of all skin diseases and 25 % of pediatric dermatology visits. Diaper dermatitis also increases parents' mental health problems and compromises the quality of life. Despite its ill outcome, diaper dermatitis's burden and risk factors are poorly studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of diaper dermatitis and associated factors among 1-24 months children visiting public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 mother-child pairs from May 15 to June 15, 2022. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the information. The data was collected using an open data kit tools and analyzed using Stata version 17.0. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with diaper dermatitis. P-value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.ResultsIn this study, 664 mother-child pairs, yielded a response rate of 98.96 %, were involved. Overall, 35.69 % [95 % CI: 32.04, 39.47] of children encountered diaper dermatitis. Being government-employed (AOR: 2.49, 95 % CI: 1.42, 4.35), primiparity (AOR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.23), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.22, 3.04), having poor knowledge about diaper dermatitis (AOR: 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.56), using both disposable and non-disposable diapers alternatively (AOR: 3.35, 95 % CI: 1.55, 7.22), and applying ointments on diaper area (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.26, 2.97) all increase the likelihood of diaper dermatitis.ConclusionDiaper dermatitis was high in the study hospitals; over one-third experienced it. Maternal occupation, parity, pregnancy status, maternal knowledge of diaper dermatitis, diaper type, and ointment application were significantly associated with diaper dermatitis. Improving maternal/guardian knowledge about diapering and diaper dermatitis is critical to reducing the burden and severity of the problem.
| S-EPMC10582394 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe increased prevalence of leftover medicines in the community is currently a global concern due to the detrimental effects on the environment and health. However, several developing countries have failed to give sufficient consideration to the issue. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of leftover medicines, disposal practices, and the factors affecting those in households in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among households in Bere Edigetber and Nech Sar of Arba Minch town, from June 25 to August 27, 2022. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with revalidated structured questionnaires. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to select each household.ResultsThree hundred forty-eight households agreed to participate in a study, resulting in a 94.8% response rate. Of the study participant, 172 (49.4%) of the households had leftover medicines, with antibiotics being the most common (64% of 172). Subsidy of symptoms and saving for later use were two frequently cited reasons for the presence of leftover medicines in the house. Throwing leftover medicines in household garbage was the preferred method of disposal (>60%). Only 0.1% of respondents considered returning leftover medicines to healthcare facilities or professionals. A binary regression analysis identified four predictors for having leftover medicines. Medicines obtained without prescription were the strongest predictor (odds ratio = 3.7; p < 0.001), followed by higher family monthly income (odds ratio = 2.5; p = 0.005), those waived paying for medicine (odds ratio = 0.294; p = 0.049), and those used medications for acute diseases (p = 0.048; odds ratio = 0.450). Respondents who had prior information on safe medicine disposal were 2.3 (p = 0.04) more likely to dispose of possessed leftover medicines rather than keep them for future use.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of leftover medicines and their improper disposal in Arba Minch town. The preferred methods of leftover medicine disposal in this study deviate from conventional standards. Significant factor variables that predict having leftover medicines are attributed to purchasing medicine without a prescription, higher family monthly income, those waived paying for medicine, and those who used medications for acute diseases. Prior knowledge of proper disposal practices predicated the decision to dispose of on-hand leftover medicines or keep them for future use. These findings would be critical in developing strategies to reduce leftover medicines and promote proper disposal practices.
| S-EPMC10021103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ethiopian schools were closed for nearly 40 weeks as a measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of COVID-19 pandemic's restrictive measures on cognition and behavioral difficulties of schoolchildren in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in November 2019 (pre-COVID-19-lockdown) and November 2020 (post-COVID-19 lockdown). Data were collected both at the school and homes of the children. Cognitive development of the children was assessed using digit span, Raven's coloured progressive matrices (RCPM) and Visual search using cancellation task. Behavioral difficulties score of the children was assessed using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare between the cognition outcomes and behavioral difficulties score pre- and post-COVID-19-lockdown. In a sub-group of children who provided data in both surveys, the difference in cognitive and behavioral outcomes was tested using a mixed effect model. Compared to the pre-COVID-19-lockdown, schoolchildren post-COVID-19-lockdown scored lower in the standardized performance index for the visual search task, which measures attention (0.27 SD, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI): -0.40, -0.13). However, they scored higher by 0.26 SD (95%CI: 0.13, 0.40) and 0.36 SD (95%CI: 0.22, 0.49) in digit span and RCPM, respectively, measuring working memory and non-verbal intelligence. There was no significant difference in total difficulties score between pre- and post-COVID-19-lockdown (0.01 SD, 95%CI: -0.12, 0.15). The subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in digit span among children post-COVID-19-lockdown while the other domains did not show a significant change. Factors contributing to the improvement of children's cognitive domains while away from the school environment should be explored and utilized to enhance child development. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04137354 on October 14, 2019.
| S-EPMC10956753 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among patients with diabetes in southern Ethiopia.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional study.SettingData collected from 1 March 2021 to 30 August 2021 at Arba Minch General Hospital.ParticipantsThree hundred and sixty-five patients with diabetes attending care at Arba Minch General Hospital.Main outcome measuresThe magnitude and determinants of the MSDs.ResultsThe prevalence of MSDs among patients with diabetes was 23.29% (95% CI 19.00 to 27.76). The likelihood of developing MSDs was 6.8 times higher among women than men (AOR=6.787, 95% CI 2.08 to 22.19). Rural participants were about 2.4 times (AOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.33) more likely to develop MSDs as compared with urban participants. Participants aged >50 years were 5.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with those aged ≤50 years (AOR=5.864, 95% CI 2.663 to 12.914). The odds of developing MSDs was 6.2 times (AOR=6.247, 95% CI 1.158 to 33.702) and 5.5 times (AOR=5.451 95% CI 1.174 to 25.312) higher among participants who attended primary and secondary education as compared with those who attended college and above, respectively. Participants with cardiovascular disease were 3.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with their counterparts (AOR=3.854, 95% CI 1.843 to 8.063).ConclusionsThis study showed that age, sex, educational status, place of residence and cardiovascular disease were found to be determinants of MSDs. Thus, clinical and public health interventions working on diabetes mellitus should consider these determinants.
| S-EPMC9644307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Bed net utilization is one of the important methods of malaria prevention. Malaria during pregnancy is one of the fatal diseases which mostly leads to the death of the mother and the fetus. Some of the complications of malaria during pregnancy are: intrauterine growth restrictions, intrauterine fetal death, and stillbirth. The main challenge of malaria treatment is that most of the anti-malarial drugs are not safe to use during pregnancy. The use of bed net is the most effective method of prevention of malaria during pregnancy. There is a paucity of information on bed net utilization among pregnant women in the study setting. Hence, this study aims to assess the trends of bed net utilization among pregnant women in Arba Minch Health and Demography Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia. METHODS:The study was conducted in the Arba Minch HDSS. The observation started in 2010 till 2016, using a repeated cross-sectional study design. The data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire biannually with a total of 14 rounds of data collection from 2010 to 2016. A total of 2657 pregnant women were included in the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportion were used to present the findings of each variable. RESULTS:Out of 2657 mothers included in the study, more than half, 1521 (63.6%), of the study participants were in the age group between 20 and 29 years. About one-third of the study population 793 (29.8) were having no schooling. The trend of bed net utilization decreased from 83.6% in 2010 to 36.5% in 2016. CONCLUSION:The trends of bed net utilization decreased from 2010 to 2016 in Arba Minch HDSS. Utilization of bed net by pregnant women in the area need to be increased as it is malaria endemic. The government should strengthen the existing bed net distribution strategy. Further research is needed to investigate the cause of decreasing bed net utilization.
| S-EPMC7140317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSidama is one of the most densely populated areas in Ethiopia. Information about the demographic characteristics is scarce, and most studies were census based on interviews. Earlier population studies from Ethiopia did not sufficiently address the validity of measuring births, deaths, and age-composition.ObjectiveTo investigate the population characteristics in Sidama with an emphasis on fertility estimates, age, and death reporting.MethodsThis is a mixed-method cross-sectional study, conducted in Sidama in southern Ethiopia, using baseline data of newly established Dale-Wonsho Health and Demographic Surveillance System site in 2018. We used quantitative data of 5179 randomly selected households having 25,144 individuals. We collected information on deaths in the same study period and population from the traditional burial associations (Iddir). Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Life tables, age reliability indices and logistic regression were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe total fertility rate was 2.9 children/woman, the crude birth rate was 22.8/1000 population and the crude death rate was 5.2/1000 population. The dependency ratio was 66/100 working-age population. Urban residents had higher birth rates (OR = 1.4 (95% CL: 1.05-1.78), and women with basic education had lower birth rates (OR = 0.6 (95% CL: 0.46-0.78) compared to those with no education. The age accuracy indices showed unreliable age reporting. The number of deaths increased from 29 to 132 when death reports from the Iddirs were included. There was under-reporting of neonatal and deaths of young children. Substituting national and regional mortality estimates, the life expectancy declined to an average of 53 years (range 48-58 years).ConclusionThe fertility rate in Sidama is lower than previously reported and is affected by age, residence and education. As we have identified important measurement and reporting errors, future demographic surveillance sites should consider these limitations.
| S-EPMC7598947 | biostudies-literature