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Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through optimized irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in intensively managed wheat-maize production.

ABSTRACT: In the wheat-maize rotation cultivation system in northern China, excessive irrigation and over-fertilization have depleted groundwater and increased nitrogen (N) losses. These problems can be addressed by optimized N fertilization and water-saving irrigation. We evaluated the effects of these practices on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), net profit, and soil carbon (C) sequestration. We conducted a field experiment with flood irrigation (FN0, 0?kg?N ha^-1 yr^-1, FN600, 600?kg?N ha^-1 yr^-1) and drip fertigation treatments (DN0, 0?kg?N ha^-1 yr^-1; DN420, 420?kg?N ha^-1 yr^-1; DN600, 600?kg?N ha^-1 yr^-1) in 2015-2017. Compared with FN600, DN600 decreased direct GHGs (N₂O?+?CH₄) emissions by 21%, and increased the net GHG balance, GHG intensity, irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE), and soil organic C content (?SOC) by 13%, 12%, 88%, and 89.8%, respectively. Higher costs in DN600 (for electricity, labour, polyethylene) led to a 33.8% lower net profit than in FN600. Compared with FN600, DN420 reduced N and irrigation water by 30% and 46%, respectively, which increased partial factor productivity and IWUE (by 49% and 94%, respectively), but DN420 did not affect GHG mitigation or net profit. Because lower profit is the key factor limiting the technical extension of fertigation, financial subsidies should be made available for farmers to install fertigation technology.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7125187 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through optimized irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in intensively managed wheat-maize production.

Zhang Xin X Xiao Guangmin G Li Hu H Wang Ligang L Wu Shuxia S Wu Wenliang W Meng Fanqiao F

Scientific reports 20200403 1

In the wheat-maize rotation cultivation system in northern China, excessive irrigation and over-fertilization have depleted groundwater and increased nitrogen (N) losses. These problems can be addressed by optimized N fertilization and water-saving irrigation. We evaluated the effects of these practices on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), net profit, and soil carbon (C) sequestration. We conducted a field experiment with flood irrigation (FN0, 0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, FN600, 600 kg ...[more]

PMID: 32245982

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Project description:BackgroundThis study investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures. GreenFeed system was used to measure the amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the cows through respiration. Data from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity, body weight, milk yield, and milk component yield on CH4 and CO2 emissions.ResultsMean herd responses throughout the study were as follows: 111 cows completed all experimental processes, while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 times. On average, lactating days of cows was 138 ± 19.04 d, metabolic weight was 136.5 ± 9.5 kg, parity was 2.8 ± 1.0, dry matter intake (DMI) was 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/d, and milk yield was 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/d. The GreenFeed system revealed that CH4 production (expressed in CO2 equivalent, CO2-eq) was found to be 8304 g/d, [Formula: see text]/DMI was 359 g/kg, [Formula: see text]/energy-corrected milk (ECM) was 229.5 g/kg, total CO2 production (CH4 production plus CO2 production) was 19,201 g/d, total CO2/DMI was 831 g/kg, and total CO2/ECM was 531 g/kg. The parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO2 emissions (P > 0.05). Cows with high milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and total milk solids yield produced more total CO2 (P < 0.05), but their total CO2 production per kg of ECM was low (P < 0.05). The total CO2/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17% and 27% lower than that of the low milk yield group, respectively.ConclusionsThe parity and body condition had no effect on total CO2 emissions, while the total CO2/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Measurement of total CO2 emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish regional or national GHG inventories and develop mitigation approaches to dairy production regimes.

Dataset Information

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through optimized irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in intensively managed wheat-maize production.

Publications

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through optimized irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in intensively managed wheat-maize production.

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