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Impact of bacteremia prediction rule in CAP: Before and after study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:In cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), it has been known that blood cultures have low yields and rarely affect clinical outcomes. Despite many studies predicting the likelihood of bacteremia in CAP patients, those results have been rarely implemented in clinical practice, and use of blood culture in CAP is still increasing. This study evaluated impact of implementing a previously derived and validated bacteremia prediction rule. METHODS:In this registry-based before and after study, we used piecewise regression analysis to compare the blood culture rate before and after implementation of the prediction rule. We also compared 30-day mortality, emergency department (ED) length of stay, time-interval to initial antibiotics after ED arrival, and any changes to the antibiotics regimen as results of the blood cultures. In subgroup analysis, we compared two groups (with or without the use of the prediction rule) after implementation period, using propensity score matching. RESULTS:Following the implementation, the blood culture rate declined from 85.5% to 78.1% (P=0.003) without significant changes in 30-day mortality and antibiotics regimen. The interval to initial antibiotics (231min vs. 221min, P=0.362) and length of stay (1019min vs. 954min, P=0.354) were not significantly changed. In subgroup analysis, the group that use the prediction rule showed 25min faster antibiotics initiation (P=0.002) and 48min shorter length of stay (P=0.007) than the group that did not use the rule. CONCLUSION:Implementation of the bacteremia prediction rule in CAP patients reduced the blood culture rate without affecting the 30-day mortality and antibiotics regimen.

SUBMITTER: Kim B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7127687 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of bacteremia prediction rule in CAP: Before and after study.

Kim Byunghyun B Kim Kyuseok K Lee Jieun J Kim Joonghee J Jo Yoo Hwan YH Lee Jae Hyuk JH Hwang Ji Eun JE

The American journal of emergency medicine 20171004 5

<h4>Objective</h4>In cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), it has been known that blood cultures have low yields and rarely affect clinical outcomes. Despite many studies predicting the likelihood of bacteremia in CAP patients, those results have been rarely implemented in clinical practice, and use of blood culture in CAP is still increasing. This study evaluated impact of implementing a previously derived and validated bacteremia prediction rule.<h4>Methods</h4>In this registry-based be ...[more]

PMID: 28988847

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is assoicated with high mortality and measures to improve risk stratification and early identification have been urgently called for. This study investigated whether an electronic clinical prediction rule (CPR) combined with an AKI e-alert could reduce hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) and improve associated outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A controlled before-and-after study included 30,295 acute medical admissions to two adult non-specialist hospital sites in the South of England (two ten-month time periods, 2014-16); all included patients stayed at least one night and had at least two serum creatinine tests. In the second period at the intervention site a CPR flagged those at risk of AKI and an alert was generated for those with AKI; both alerts incorporated care bundles. Patients were followed-up until death or hospital discharge. Primary outcome was change in incident HA-AKI. Secondary outcomes in those developing HA-AKI included: in-hospital mortality, AKI progression and escalation of care. On difference-in-differences analysis incidence of HA-AKI reduced (odds ratio [OR] 0.990, 95% CI 0.981-1.000, P = 0.049). In-hospital mortality in HA-AKI cases reduced on difference-in-differences analysis (OR 0.924, 95% CI 0.858-0.996, P = 0.038) and unadjusted analysis (27.46% pre vs 21.67% post, OR 0.731, 95% CI 0.560-0.954, P = 0.021). Mortality in those flagged by the CPR significantly reduced (14% pre vs 11% post intervention, P = 0.008). Outcomes for community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) cases did not change. A number of process measures significantly improved at the intervention site. Limitations include lack of randomization, and generalizability will require future investigation. CONCLUSIONS:In acute medical admissions a multi-modal intervention, including an electronically integrated CPR alongside an e-alert for those developing HA-AKI improved in-hospital outcomes. CA-AKI outcomes were not affected. The study provides a template for investigations utilising electronically generated prediction modelling. Further studies should assess generalisability and cost effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinicaltrials.org NCT03047382.

Project description:Moderately premature infants, defined here as those born between 30?/? and 34?/? weeks gestation, comprise 3.9% of all births in the United States and 32% of all preterm births. Although long-term outcomes for these infants are better than for less mature infants, morbidity and mortality are still substantially increased in comparison with infants born at term. There is an added survival benefit resulting from birth at a tertiary neonatal care center, and although many of these infants require tertiary level care, delivery at lower level hospitals and subsequent neonatal transfer are still common. Our primary aim was to determine the impact of maternal characteristics and antenatal medical management on the early neonatal course of the moderately premature infant. The secondary aim was to create a clinical prediction rule to determine which infants require intubation and mechanical ventilation in the first 24 h of life. Such a prediction rule could inform the decision to transfer maternal-fetal patients before delivery to a facility with a Level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where optimal care could be provided without the requirement for a neonatal transfer.Data for this analysis came from the cohort of infants in the Moderately Premature Infant Project (MPIP) database, a multicenter cohort study of 850 infants born at gestational age 30?/? and 34?/? weeks, with birth weight between 591 to 3540 g. [corrected], who were discharged to home alive. We built a logistic regression model to identify maternal characteristics associated with need for tertiary care, as measured by administration of surfactant. Using statistically significant covariates from this model, we then created a numerical decision rule to predict need for tertiary care.In multivariate modeling, four factors were associated with reduction in the need for tertiary care, including non-White race (odds ratio (OR)=0.5, (0.3, 0.7)), older gestational age, female gender (OR=0.6 (0.4, 0.8)) and use of antenatal corticosteroids (OR=0.5, (0.3, 0.8)). The clinical prediction rule to discriminate between infants who received surfactant, versus those who did not, had an area under the curve of 0.77 (0.73, 0.8).Four antenatal risk factors are associated with a requirement for Level III NICU care as defined by the need for surfactant administration. Future analyses will examine a broader spectrum of antenatal characteristics and revalidate the prediction rule in an independent cohort.

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Impact of bacteremia prediction rule in CAP: Before and after study.

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Impact of bacteremia prediction rule in CAP: Before and after study.

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