Dataset Information

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often a major practice to ensure sufficient nitrogen demand of high-yielding rice, leading to persistent NH₄⁺ excess in the plant. However, this excessive portion of nitrogen nutrient does not correspond to further increase in grain yields. For finding out the main constraints related to this phenomenon, the performance of NH₄⁺ excess in rice plant needs to be clearly addressed beyond the well-defined root growth adjustment. The present work isolates an acute NH₄⁺ excess condition in rice plant from causing any measurable growth change and analyses the initial performance of such internal NH₄⁺ excess.

Results

We demonstrate that the acute internal NH₄⁺ excess in rice plant accompanies readily with a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates the downstream reactions. At the headstream of carbon production, photon caption genes and the activity of primary CO₂ fixation enzymes (Rubisco) are evidently suppressed, indicating a reduction in photosynthetic carbon income. Next, the vigorous induction of glutathione transferase (GST) genes and enzyme activities along with the rise of glutathione (GSH) production suggest the activation of GSH cycling for ROS cleavage. Third, as indicated by strong induction of glycolysis / glycogen breakdown related genes in shoots, carbohydrate metabolisms are redirected to enhance the production of energy and carbon skeletons for the cost of ROS scavenging. As the result of the development of these defensive reactions, a carbon scarcity would accumulatively occur and lead to a growth inhibition. Finally, a sucrose feeding cancels the ROS burst, restores the activity of Rubisco and alleviates the demand for the activation of GSH cycling.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that acute NH₄⁺ excess accompanies with a spontaneous ROS burst and causes carbon scarcity in rice plant. Therefore, under overuse of N fertilizers carbon scarcity is probably a major constraint in rice plant that limits the performance of nitrogen.

SUBMITTER: Yang S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7140567 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice.

Yang Shunying S Hao Dongli D Jin Man M Li Yi Y Liu Zengtai Z Huang Yanan Y Chen Tianxiang T Su Yanhua Y

BMC plant biology 20200407 1

<h4>Background</h4>Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often a major practice to ensure sufficient nitrogen demand of high-yielding rice, leading to persistent NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> excess in the plant. However, this excessive portion of nitrogen nutrient does not correspond to further increase in grain yields. For finding out the main constraints related to this phenomenon, the performance of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> excess in rice plant needs to be clearly addressed beyond the well-defin ...[more]

PMID: 32264840

Similar Datasets

Project description:Increasing attention has been paid to atmospheric "brown carbon" (BrC) aerosols due to their effect on the earth's climate. Aqueous BrC aerosols were formed through aqueous reactions of hydroxyacetone (HA) with nitrogen compounds such as glycine (Gly) and/or ammonium sulfate (AS). When exposed to nitrogen compounds for several days, HA, as a type of aqueous carbonyl compound, becomes absorbent and fluorescent in the blue visible and near ultraviolet regions, which have been monitored by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. In this study, we quantified absorption and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra in the formation of aqueous BrCs, which was generated from HA-Gly and HA-Gly-AS mixtures, respectively. The obtained data was used to determine the base-10 absorption coefficient (α), absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE), and effective quantum yield (QY). All of the related parameters provide further evidence for the formation of aqueous BrC. The absorbances of the as-obtained BrCs follow the order HA-Gly-AS > HA-Gly > HA-AS. In other words, HA-Gly-AS mixtures displayed the most intense absorbances, whereas HA-AS mixtures barely produced visible absorbance. It is reasonable to speculate that Gly promotes the formation of HA-Gly BrC mixtures. The experimental results are consistent with previous measurements reported by Powelson et al. BrCs from HA-Gly-AS and HA-Gly exhibit stronger fluorescence between 300 and 400 nm. Glycine plays a more important role in the formation of aqueous BrC than that of AS. Furthermore, we examined the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) by photolysis of aqueous BrCs, which resulted from the oxidation of HA-Gly and HA-Gly-AS mixtures by 5 mM H2O2. An effective photolysis time induced significant changes near-UV (300-400 nm) absorption intensity of HA-Gly and HA-Gly-AS mixtures. These results emphasize the dynamic nature of the corresponding atmospheric aqueous BrC. Overall, our study provides the optical properties of the corresponding atmospheric aqueous BrC and the H2O2 oxidation photolysis process of the as-obtained BrC in detail, which may contribute to the understanding of the important effects of aqueous BrC for atmospheric chemistry and climate.

Dataset Information

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice.

Background

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets