Dataset Information

Arabidopsis thaliana MLK3, a Plant-specific Casein Kinase 1, Negatively Regulates Flowering and Phosphorylates Histone H3 in Vitro.

ABSTRACT: Arabidopsis thaliana MUT9-like kinases (MLKs), a family of the plant-specific casein kinase 1 (CK1), have been implicated collectively in multiple biological processes including flowering. Three of the four MLKs (MLK1/2/4) have been characterized, however, little is known about MLK3, the most divergent member of MLKs. Here, we demonstrated that disruption of MLK3 transcript in mlk3 caused early flowering with retarded leaf growth under long-day conditions. In vitro kinase assay showed the nuclear protein MLK3 phosphorylated histone 3 at threonine 3 (H3T3) and mutation of a conserved residue (K146R) abolished the catalytic activity. Ectopic expression of MLK3 but not MLK3(K146R) rescued the morphological defects of mlk3, indicating that an intact MLK3 is critical for maintaining proper flowering time. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was down-regulated significantly in mlk3, suggesting that MLK3 negatively regulates flowering. Hence, MLK3 plays a role in repressing the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase in A. thaliana. This study sheds light on the delicate control of flowering time by A. thaliana CK1 specific to the plant kingdom.

SUBMITTER: Kang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7141126 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arabidopsis thalianaMLK3, a Plant-specific Casein Kinase 1, Negatively Regulates Flowering and Phosphorylates Histone H3 in Vitro.

Kang Junmei J Cui Huiting H Jia Shangang S Liu Wenwen W Yu Renjie R Wu Zhihai Z Wang Zhen Z

Genes 20200324 3

Arabidopsis thaliana MUT9-like kinases (MLKs), a family of the plant-specific casein kinase 1 (CK1), have been implicated collectively in multiple biological processes including flowering. Three of the four MLKs (MLK1/2/4) have been characterized, however, little is known about MLK3, the most divergent member of MLKs. Here, we demonstrated that disruption of MLK3 transcript in mlk3 caused early flowering with retarded l ...[more]

PMID: 32214028

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Project description:Experimental studies of the flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that a large complex gene regulatory network (GRN) is responsible for its regulation. This process has been mathematically modelled with deterministic differential equations by considering the interactions between gene activators and inhibitors (Valentim et al. in PLoS ONE 10(2):e0116973, 2015; van Mourik et al. in BMC Syst Biol 4(1):1, 2010). However, due to complexity of the model, the properties of the network and the roles of the individual genes cannot be deducted from the numerical solution the published work offers. Here, we propose simplifications of the model, based on decoupling of the original GRN to motifs, described with three and two differential equations. A stable solution of the original model is sought by linearisation of the original model which contributes to further investigation of the role of the individual genes to the flowering. Furthermore, we study the role of noise by introducing and investigating two types of stochastic elements into the model. The deterministic and stochastic nonlinear dynamic models of Arabidopsis flowering time are considered by following the deterministic delayed model introduced in Valentim et al. (2015). Steady-state regimes and stability of the deterministic original model are investigated analytically and numerically. By decoupling some concentrations, the system was reduced to emphasise the role played by the transcription factor Suppressor of Overexpression of Constants1 ([Formula: see text]) and the important floral meristem identity genes, Leafy ([Formula: see text]) and Apetala1 ([Formula: see text]). Two-dimensional motifs, based on the dynamics of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are obtained from the reduced network and parameter ranges ensuring flowering are determined. Their stability analysis shows that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are regulating each other for flowering, matching experimental findings. New sufficient conditions of mean square stability in the stochastic model are obtained using a stochastic Lyapunov approach. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the reduced models of Arabidopsis flowering time, describing specific motifs of the GRN, can capture the essential behaviour of the full system and also introduce the conditions of flowering initiation. Additionally, they show that stochastic effects can change the behaviour of the stability region through a stability switch. This study thus contributes to a better understanding of the role of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in Arabidopsis flowering.

Dataset Information

Arabidopsis thaliana MLK3, a Plant-specific Casein Kinase 1, Negatively Regulates Flowering and Phosphorylates Histone H3 in Vitro.

Publications

<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i><i>MLK3</i>, a Plant-specific Casein Kinase 1, Negatively Regulates Flowering and Phosphorylates Histone H3 in Vitro.

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