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Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs).

ABSTRACT: The culture of red cusk eel Genypterus chilensis is currently considered a priority for Chilean aquaculture but low larval survival rates have prompted the need for the continuous use of antibacterials. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of live feed as a source of antibacterial-resistant bacteria in a commercial culture of G. chilensis. Samples of rotifer and Artemia cultures used as live feed were collected during the larval growth period and culturable bacterial counts were performed using a spread plate method. Rotifer and Artemia cultures exhibited high levels of resistant bacteria (8.03 × 104 to 1.79 × 107 CFU/g and 1.47 × 106 to 3.50 × 108 CFU/g, respectively). Sixty-five florfenicol-resistant isolates were identified as Vibrio (81.5%) and Pseudoalteromonas (15.4%) using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A high incidence of resistance to streptomycin (93.8%), oxytetracycline (89.2%), co-trimoxazole (84.6%), and kanamycin (73.8%) was exhibited by resistant isolates. A high proportion of isolates (76.9%) carried the florfenicol-resistance encoding genes floR and fexA, as well as plasmid DNA (75.0%). The high prevalence of multiresistant bacteria in live feed increases the incidence of the resistant microbiota in reared fish larvae, thus proper monitoring and management strategies for live feed cultures appear to be a priority for preventing future therapy failures in fish larval cultures.

SUBMITTER: Hurtado L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7142716 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs).

Hurtado Luz L Miranda Claudio D CD Rojas Rodrigo R Godoy Félix A FA Añazco Mark A MA Romero Jaime J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20200318 3

The culture of red cusk eel Genypterus chilensis is currently considered a priority for Chilean aquaculture but low larval survival rates have prompted the need for the continuous use of antibacterials. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of live feed as a source of antibacterial-resistant bacteria in a commercial culture of G. chilensis. Samples of rotifer and Artemia cultures used as live feed were collected during the larval growth period and culturable ba ...[more]

PMID: 32197370

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Project description:Simple Summary The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native Chilean species important for aquaculture diversification in Chile. The effect of high-temperature stress on the liver, a key organ for fish metabolism, is unknown. In this study we determined for the first time the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel. The results showed that high-temperature stress increased hepatic enzyme activity in the plasma of stressed fish. Additionally, this stressor generated oxidative damage in liver, and generated a transcriptional response with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts associated with several processes, including unfolded protein response, heat shock response and oxidative stress, among others. Together, these results indicate that high-temperature stress generates a relevant impact on liver, with should be considered for the aquaculture and fisheries industry of this species under a climate change scenario. Abstract Environmental stressors, such as temperature, are relevant factors that could generate a negative effect on several tissues in fish. A key fish species for Chilean aquaculture diversification is the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), a native fish for which knowledge on environmental stressors effects is limited. This study evaluated the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel in control (14 °C) and high-temperature (19 °C) groups using multiple approaches: determination of plasmatic hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and AP), oxidative damage evaluation (AP sites, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylated proteins), and RNA-seq analysis. High-temperature stress generated a significant increase in hepatic enzyme activity in plasma. In the liver, a transcriptional regulation was observed, with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts. Additionally, high-temperature stress generated oxidative stress in the liver, with oxidative damage and transcriptional modulation of the antioxidant response. Furthermore, an unfolded protein response was observed, with several pathways enriched, as well as a heat shock response, with several heat shock proteins up regulated, suggesting candidate biomarkers (i.e., serpinh1) for thermal stress evaluation in this species. The present study shows that high-temperature stress generated a major effect on the liver of red cusk-eel, knowledge to consider for the aquaculture and fisheries of this species.

Dataset Information

Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs).

Publications

Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, <i>Genypterus chilensis</i>, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs).

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