Dataset Information

Association of Arch Stiffness with Plantar Impulse Distribution during Walking, Running, and Gait Termination.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between arch stiffness and relative regional impulse during walking, running, and stopping. A total of 61 asymptomatic male subjects volunteered to participate in the study. All were classified by calculating the arch stiffness index using 3-dimensional foot morphological scanning. Plantar pressure distribution data were collected from participants using a Footscan pressure platform during gait tests that included walking, running, and gait termination. The stiff arches group (n = 19) and flexible arches group (n = 17) were included in the following data analysis. The results suggested that subjects with stiffer arches had a larger and smaller percentage of plantar impulse in the forefoot and rearfoot, respectively, than subjects with more flexible arches during walking and running. However, during gait termination, which included planned and unplanned gait stopping, the plantar impulse distribution pattern was found to be reversed. The current findings demonstrate that the distributional changes of plantar loading follow unidirectional transfer between the forefoot and the rearfoot on the plantar longitudinal axis. Moreover, the patterns of impulse distribution are also different based on different gait task mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Cen X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7143069 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of Arch Stiffness with Plantar Impulse Distribution during Walking, Running, and Gait Termination.

Cen Xuanzhen X Xu Datao D Baker Julien S JS Gu Yaodong Y

International journal of environmental research and public health 20200321 6

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between arch stiffness and relative regional impulse during walking, running, and stopping. A total of 61 asymptomatic male subjects volunteered to participate in the study. All were classified by calculating the arch stiffness index using 3-dimensional foot morphological scanning. Plantar pressure distribution data were collected from participants using a Footscan pressure platform during gait tests that included walking, running, and gai ...[more]

PMID: 32245235

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Project description:We present a real time algorithm for humanoid 3D walking and/or running based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach. The objective is to generate a stable gait that replicates a footstep plan as closely as possible, that is, a sequence of candidate footstep positions and orientations with associated timings. For each footstep, the plan also specifies an associated reference height for the Center of Mass (CoM) and whether the robot should reach the footstep by walking or running. The scheme makes use of the Variable-Height Inverted Pendulum (VH-IP) as a prediction model, generating in real time both a CoM trajectory and adapted footsteps. The VH-IP model relates the position of the CoM to that of the Zero Moment Point (ZMP); to avoid falling, the ZMP must be inside a properly defined support region (a 3D extension of the 2D support polygon) whenever the robot is in contact with the ground. The nonlinearity of the VH-IP is handled by splitting the gait generation into two consecutive stages, both requiring to solve a quadratic program. Thanks to a particular triangular structure of the VH-IP dynamics, the first stage deals with the vertical dynamics using the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) as a decision variable. Using the prediction given by the first stage, the horizontal dynamics become linear time-varying. During the flight phases, the VH-IP collapses to a free-falling mass model. The proposed formulation incorporates constraints in order to maintain physically meaningful values of the GRF, keep the ZMP in the support region during contact phases, and ensure that the adapted footsteps are kinematically realizable. Most importantly, a stability constraint is enforced on the time-varying horizontal dynamics to guarantee a bounded evolution of the CoM with respect to the ZMP. Furthermore, we show how to extend the technique in order to perform running on tilted surfaces. We also describe a simple technique that receives input high-level velocity commands and generates a footstep plan in the form required by the proposed MPC scheme. The algorithm is validated via dynamic simulations on the full-scale humanoid robot HRP-4, as well as experiments on the small-sized robot OP3.

Project description:BackgroundAs foot constitutes the base of support for the whole body, the pregnancy-related anthropometric changes can result in adaptive plantar pressure alterations. The present study aimed to investigate how pregnancy affects foot loading pattern in gait, and if it is related to body adjustments to growing foetus that occur in the course of pregnancy.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study included 30 women. Three experimental sessions in accordance with the same procedure were carried out in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. First, the anthropometric measures of the body mass and waist circumference were taken. Then walking trials at a self-selected speed along a ~6-m walkway were registered with the FreeMED force platform (Sensor Medica, Italy). Vertical foot pressure was recorded by the force plate located in the middle of the walkway.FindingsThe correlation of individual foot loading parameters across different trimesters was relatively high. Nevertheless, our results revealed a longitudinal foot arch flattening with the strongest effect in late pregnancy (P = 0.01). The anthropometric characteristics also influenced the foot loading pattern depending on the phase of pregnancy. In particular, arch flattening correlated with the body mass in all trimesters (r≥0.44, P≤0.006) while the medial-lateral loading index correlated only in the first (r = 0.45, P = 0.005) and second (r = 0.36, P = 0.03) trimesters. Waist circumference changes significantly influenced dynamic arch flattening but only in the late pregnancy (r≥0.46, P≤0.004). In the third trimester, a small though significant increase in the right foot angle was observed (P = 0.01).InterpretationThe findings provided the characteristics of the relative foot areas loading throughout pregnancy. Growing abdominal size increases the risk of medial arch flattening, which can result in less stable gait. The observed increase in foot angle in late pregnancy may constitute a strategy to enhance gait stability.

Project description:Insoles with an arch support have been used to address biomechanical risk factors of running. However, the relationship between the dose of support and running biomechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing arch support doses on the center of pressure (COP) and pressure mapping using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Nine arch support variations (3 heights * 3 widths) and a flat insole control were tested on fifteen healthy recreational runners using a 1-m Footscan pressure plate. The medial-lateral COP (COPML) coordinates and the total COP velocity (COPVtotal) were calculated throughout the entirety of stance. One-dimensional and two-dimensional SPM were performed to assess differences between the arch support and control conditions for time series of COP variables and pressure mapping at a pixel level, respectively. Two-way ANOVAs were performed to test the main effect of the arch support height and width, and their interaction on the peak values of the COPVtotal. The results showed that the COPVtotal during the forefoot contact and forefoot push off phases was increased by arch supports, while the COP medial-lateral coordinates remained unchanged. There was a dose-response effect of the arch support height on peak values of the COPVtotal, with a higher support increasing the first and third valleys but decreasing the third peak of the COPVtotal. Meanwhile, a higher arch support height shifted the peak pressure from the medial forefoot and rearfoot to the medial arch. It is concluded that changing arch support doses, primarily the height, systematically altered the COP velocities and peak plantar pressure at a pixel level during running. When assessing subtle modifications in the arch support, the COP velocity was a more sensitive variable than COP coordinates. SPM provides a high-resolution view of pressure comparisons, and is recommended for future insole/footwear investigations to better understand the underlying mechanisms and improve insole design.

Dataset Information

Association of Arch Stiffness with Plantar Impulse Distribution during Walking, Running, and Gait Termination.

Publications

Association of Arch Stiffness with Plantar Impulse Distribution during Walking, Running, and Gait Termination.

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