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Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mace Extracts from Myristica fragrans.

ABSTRACT: The aril (mace) of Myristica fragrans, known as Dok-Chan, is a spice that has long been used for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, and nausea. It is an ingredient in many remedies in Thai traditional medicine, e.g., Ya-Hom-Thep-Bha-Jit, Ya-Hom-Nao-Wa-Kot, and Ya-That-Bun-Job, which are used to treat dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of mace were used for all tests. Anti-H. pylori activities were determined by the disc diffusion method and agar dilution. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in a RAW264.7 cell line, and cytotoxicity was determined against gastric cancer cell lines (Kato III) using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. The DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical cation decolorization assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The result found that the ethanolic extract of mace exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori ATCC 43504 and six clinical strains with MIC values of 125-250??g/ml. The aqueous extract MICs against H. pylori ATCC reference strain and six clinical strains were 500??g/ml compared with 0.5??g/ml for the positive control, clarithromycin. The inhibitory effect of LPS-induced NO release and cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract had IC50 values of 82.19??g/ml and 26.06??g/ml, respectively, and the EC50 values for the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays were 13.41??g/ml and 12.44??g/ml, respectively. The mace extract also had anticancer properties. In conclusion, the ethanolic mace extract had anti-H. pylori, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. These data support further preclinical and clinical investigation to see if the mace extract could have a role in treating patients with dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, and possibly gastric cancer.

SUBMITTER: Suthisamphat N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7146089 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mace Extracts from Myristica fragrans.

Suthisamphat Naranpraphai N Dechayont Bhanuz B Phuaklee Pathompong P Prajuabjinda Onmanee O Vilaichone Ratha-Korn RK Itharat Arunporn A Mokmued Khwanchanok K Prommee Nuntika N

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20200329

The aril (mace) of Myristica fragrans, known as Dok-Chan, is a spice that has long been used for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, and nausea. It is an ingredient in many remedies in Thai traditional medicine, e.g., Ya-Hom-Thep-Bha-Jit, Ya-Hom-Nao-Wa-Kot, and Ya-That-Bun-Job, which are used to treat dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of mace were used for all tests. Anti-H. pylori activities were determined by the disc d ...[more]

PMID: 32308716

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen is associated with a wide array of diseases. It produces 1, 8-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN) melanin that imparts greenish grey color to conidia and is an important virulence factor. It masks various molecular patterns associated with A. fumigatus and protects the fungus from host immune system. Myristica fragrans, enriched with secondary metabolites has been traditionally used for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The present study was aimed to explore the anti-melanogenic effect of M. fragrans extracts on A. fumigatus. METHODS:M. fragrans extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol and ethanol) were prepared through polarity guided extraction. Phytochemical analysis was performed to detect the chemical constituents of the extracts. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the extracts against A. fumigatus melanin was determined by broth micro-dilution assay. Various virulence factors were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Electron microscopic studies were performed to evaluate the effect of the hexane extract of M. fragrans on A. fumigatus cell surface morphology. The major active compounds of the extract were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Docking was performed to study the interaction between the major identified compounds and the ketosynthase domain of polyketide synthase protein. RESULTS:The results indicated that the hexane extract of M. fragrans inhibited melanin production (76.09%), reduced ergosterol content (83.63%) and hydrophobicity of the cell (72.2%) at the MEC of 0.078?mg/mL. Altered conidial surface, disappearance of protrusions and absence of melanin layer on outer cell surface was observed in electron microscopy. Forty-two compounds were identified by GC-MS. The main constituents were identified as sabinene (12.2%), linoleic acid (11.7%), hexadecanoic acid (10.5%), safrole (8.1%) and elemicin (7.8%). Docking studies revealed that hexadecanoic acid, its derivative compound cis-9-hexadecenal and isoeugenol have lower binding energy forming proper hydrogen bond with ketosynthase domain of polyketide synthase protein. CONCLUSION:The study concludes that the extract of M. fragrans has potential antifungal properties that can be explored in combination with available antifungals. This combination approach may be helpful for large number of patients suffering with A. fumigatus infections.

Project description:Paracetamol is responsible for acute liver failure in humans and experimental animals when taken at high doses and transformed into a reactive metabolite by the liver cytochrome P450. On the other hand, nutmeg is rich with many phytochemical ingredients that are known for their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450. Hence, the present experiment was aimed at studying the hepatoprotective effect of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), kernel extract (MFKE) in respect to paracetamol (acetaminophen; N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (APAP))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, focusing on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Liver toxicity was induced in rats by a single oral administration of APAP (2 g/kg). To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of MFKE against this APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, rats were pre-treated with either oral administration of MFKE at 300 mg/kg daily for seven days or silymarin at 50 mg/kg as a standard hepatoprotective agent. APAP intoxication caused a drastic elevation in liver function markers (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), oxidative stress indicators (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide), inflammatory biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor ĸB) and the pro-apoptotic BCL2 Associated X (Bax) and caspases-3 genes. Furthermore, analyses of rat liver tissue revealed that APAP significantly depleted glutathione and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes in addition to downregulating two key anti-apoptotic genes: Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Pre-treatment with MFKE, however, attenuated APAP-induced liver toxicity by reversing all of these toxicity biomarkers. This hepatoprotective effect of MFKE was further confirmed by improvement in histopathological findings. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of MFKE was comparable to that offered by the reference hepatoprotector, silymarin. In conclusion, our results revealed that MFKE had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and it is suggested that this hepatoprotective effect could be linked to its ability to promote the nuclear factor erythroid 2⁻related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway.

Dataset Information

Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mace Extracts from Myristica fragrans.

Publications

Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mace Extracts from <i>Myristica fragrans</i>.

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