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Scalable and Universal Route for the Deposition of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Metal Sulfide Materials from Molecular Precursors.

ABSTRACT: A range of binary, ternary (CFS), and quaternary (CZTS) metal sulfide materials have been successfully deposited onto the glass substrates by air-spray deposition of metal diethyldithiocarbamate molecular precursors followed by pyrolysis (18 examples). The as-deposited materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), Raman spectroscopy, secondary electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, which in all cases showed that the materials were polycrystalline with the expected elemental stoichiometry. In the case of the higher sulfides, EDX spectroscopy mapping demonstrated the spatial homogeneity of the elemental distributions at the microscale. By using this simple and inexpensive method, we could potentially fabricate thin films of any given main group or transition metal chalcogenide material over large areas, theoretically on substrates with complex topologies.

SUBMITTER: Murtaza G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7147260 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Scalable and Universal Route for the Deposition of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Metal Sulfide Materials from Molecular Precursors.

Murtaza Ghulam G Alderhami Suliman S Alharbi Yasser T YT Zulfiqar Usama U Hossin Mousa M Alanazi Abdulaziz M AM Almanqur Laila L Onche Emmanuel Usman EU Venkateswaran Sai P SP Lewis David J DJ

ACS applied energy materials 20200122 2

A range of binary, ternary (CFS), and quaternary (CZTS) metal sulfide materials have been successfully deposited onto the glass substrates by air-spray deposition of metal diethyldithiocarbamate molecular precursors followed by pyrolysis (18 examples). The as-deposited materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), Raman spectroscopy, secondary electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, which in all cases showed that the materials were polycryst ...[more]

PMID: 32296758

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Project description:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal/loid(s) are common environmental pollutants. Toxicological interaction data on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and heavy metal/loid(s) are lacking. In this study, we have determined the combined toxicity of B[a]P, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in HepG2 cells. The binary, ternary and quaternary mixture toxicity of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) was predicted by using the combination index (CI)-isobologram method. This method is useful to predict the quantitative nature of an interaction between chemicals at different effect (inhibitory concentration) levels from 0.1 to 99% using computerised quantitation. A total of 11 mixtures including six binary mixtures, four ternary and one quaternary mixtures of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) were evaluated for their interactions. The cytotoxicity of individual and multi-component mixtures was evaluated by MTS assay. The selected concentrations for the individual dose response study were 0-100 ?M - B[a]P; 0-40 ?M - Cd; 0-400 ?M - As and Pb. The individual dose response results showed that all four chemicals were toxic to liver cells with Cd being the most potent toxicant. Mixtures of B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) were prepared based on their individual Dm concentration using a 1?:?1 ratio and exposed to HepG2 cells. By using the CI-isobologram method, the predicted interactions between these chemicals were synergism, additivity or antagonism at different effect levels. All the mixtures except the ternary mixture of B[a]P + As + Pb displayed synergism at a lower effect level (IC10-IC30), and additivity, synergism or antagonism at 50-90% effect levels. Among these mixtures, mixtures of heavy metal/loid(s) (both binary and ternary combinations) and a quaternary mixture of B[a]P + As + Cd + Pb showed a strong synergistic response at lower effect levels compared to other mixtures. The predicted interaction response by the CI method was compared with classical models of concentration addition and independent action. The CI method displayed an improved prediction power compared to classical models. The predicted synergistic interaction between B[a]P and heavy metal/loid(s) may have important implications in the human health risk assessment of these mixed chemical mixtures at contaminated sites.

Dataset Information

Scalable and Universal Route for the Deposition of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Metal Sulfide Materials from Molecular Precursors.

Publications

Scalable and Universal Route for the Deposition of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Metal Sulfide Materials from Molecular Precursors.

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