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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, USA). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in West Shewa Zone was found to be 40.4% (95% CI: 35.46-45.27) at an animal and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.58-83.85) at the herd level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that districts, breed, and animal composition were the potential risk factors of FMD seropositivity. Accordingly, cattle found in Abuna Ginde Beret (odds ratio (OR): 9.1, 95% CI: 2.4-34.1, p=0.001), Cheliya (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.5-31.3, p=0.001), Bako Tibe (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.1-28.3, p=0.002), Tokekutaye (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.7-19.5, p=0.004), and Jeldu (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.3-21.5, p=0.020) districts were more at risk to be infected with FMD than cattle from Ambo. The odds of FMD seropositivity was significantly higher in cattle kept with small ruminants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.3, p=0.003) than cattle alone. The analysis also revealed that the odds of seropositivity were 6 times higher in crossbred compared with local cattle (p=0.003). The current study found high seroprevalence of FMD in West Shewa Zone. Therefore, cattle should be vaccinated regularly after the identification of specific FMD serotypes circulating in the study area.

SUBMITTER: Ahmed B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7150713 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Ahmed Beyan B Megersa Lencho L Mulatu Getachew G Siraj Mohammed M Boneya Gelma G

Veterinary medicine international 20200331

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Tes ...[more]

PMID: 32292580

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Project description:Background Considerable proportions of pregnant women are affected by poor nutrition outcomes in Ethiopia. Women's empowerment, on the other hand, is highly recognized as a means to achieve better maternal nutrition outcomes. However, the role of pregnant women's empowerment in nutritional status during pregnancy has not been empirically examined in Ethiopia. This study aimed to address this gap. Objective To assess the association of individual and composite women's empowerment dimensions with pregnant women's nutrition outcomes in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was performed on 1,453 pregnant women living in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, in 2021. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on half of the samples to identify and validate dimensions of pregnant women's empowerment. The associations between pregnant women's empowerment dimensions and anemia status and mid upper arm circumference levels were examined by logistic regressions. Results Composite pregnant women's empowerment was positively associated with both anemia status and mid-upper-arm circumference level. The odds of not being anemic were higher among pregnant women empowered in economic [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 2.22] and assertiveness (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.38) dimensions than those not empowered in these dimensions. Empowered pregnant women in household decision-making (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.22) and psychological (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.85) dimensions had higher odds of having normal mid-upper-arm circumference measures than those not empowered in the respective dimensions. Communication and time dimensions were not significantly associated with any of the nutrition outcomes. Conclusions This study suggests that empowered pregnant women are nutritionally better off than their less empowered counterparts. This is also important in child health outcomes. Policies and programs that aim to improve maternal and child health in the study area need to consider interventions that promote the decision-making power, economic, psychological, and assertiveness dimensions of pregnant women.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Preconception care is a set of interventions that are to be provided before pregnancy, to promrote the health and well-being of womwen and couples . METHODS:A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among a sample of 680 reproductive-aged women in the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, from November 2017 until the end of January 2018. The data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine factors associated with the outcome variable. The association was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at a P-value less than 0.05. RESULT:A total of 669 participants had participated with a response rate of 98.3%. Among the respondants, only 179 (26.8%) had a good knowledge of PCC and 97 (14.5%) of them had utilized PCC. Factors that show significant association with good knowledge of PCC are history of institutional delivery (AOR?=?1.43 (95%CI (1.31-7.33), PNC service utilization, (AOR?=?5.02 (95%CI (3.22-7.84), history of using modern contraceptive, (AOR?=?1.44 (95%CI (1.37-6.98) higher educational status (AOR?=?4.12 (95%CI (1.22-6.52) and being regularly employed (AOR?=?1.8 (95%CI (1.01-3.22). Factors like better family monthly income (AOR?=?4.1 (95%CI (1.57-9.35), history of PNC (AOR?=?6.33 (95%CI (3.94-10.17) and good knowledge of PCC (AOR?=?4.3 (95%CI (2.67-6.98) had shown positive association towards the uptake of PCC. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:This study found that only one-quarter of the women in the study has good knowledge of PCC and low uptake of PCC. History of institutional delivery, PNC service utilization, history of using a modern contraceptive, educational status and being regularly employed were factors that affect knowledge of PCC and family income, having good knowledge about PCC and history of PNC were affect the uptake of PCC.Therefore, PCC needs serious attention from the government and other stakeholders.

Project description:ObjectivesLabor pain is the worst pain that almost every woman experiences during childbirth. Labor pain management plays a crucial role in promoting maternal-wellbeing, contributing enormously to maternal satisfaction with the childbirth experience and the high quality of services. Although there have been previous studies, they have primarily been conducted at referral or general hospitals located in urban settings. Thus, this study aimed to assess the utilization of labor pain analgesia and associated factors among obstetric care providers at all levels of health facilities in central Ethiopia.MethodsA multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 July to 30 September 2020. Simple random sampling using the lottery method was employed to select 399 obstetric care providers. The data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the associated factors. The adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p value ⩽ 0.05 were used to identify associated factors.ResultsThe overall utilization of obstetric analgesia was 46% (95% confidence interval: 41.2%-50.8%). Being a Midwife (adjusted odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.47), having heard of the World Health Organization pain ladder (adjusted odds ratio: 2.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.73-5.01), having favorable attitude (adjusted odds ratio: 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-3.05), the expectation of obstetric care providers about labor pain (adjusted odds ratio: 3.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-8.36), having training on labor pain management (adjusted odds ratio: 2.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-6.07), and presence of chance for preference of obstetric analgesia for mothers in the facility (adjusted odds ratio = 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-3.98) were identified as factors significantly associated with the practice of obstetric analgesia among obstetric care providers.ConclusionThe overall use of labor pain management methods among obstetric care providers is low. Professional category, provider attitude, labor pain severity expectations, and having training were found to be factors associated with the use of obstetric analgesia. Therefore, working on adapting and disseminating the harmonized guideline and protocols on labor pain management and provision of training for obstetric care providers on labor pain management techniques were recommended.

Project description:BackgroundGiardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common causes of protozoan diarrhea that lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle, and to assess the potential risk of zoonotic transmission.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2009 in Girar Jarso and Dera Districts of North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A total of 768 stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites using direct wet mount with saline and formalin ether concentration methods. The modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was used for the detection of Cryptosporidium species. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 15.ResultsOut of 384 children examined, 53 (13.8%) and 28 (7.3%) were positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections, respectively. Similarly, of the total 384 cattle examined, 9 (2.3%) were positive for Giardia duodenalis and 30 (7.8%) were positive for Cryptosporidium infection. The prevalence of giardiasis was significantly higher among children who had close contact with cattle 33 (18.7%) compared to children who had no contact with cattle 20 (9.6%) (P?<?0.05). Higher number of Cryptosporidium infection was also recorded in children who had close contact with cattle 15 (8.5%). Difference in prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis among children was not statistically significant between males and females. On the other hand, difference in the prevalence of giardiasis among children was statistically significant between age groups.ConclusionsHigher prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infection detected among children was significantly associated with contact with cattle and manure that the children had. Further analysis using molecular techniques is needed to explain the existence of zoonotic transmission in the study area.

Project description:Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. Despite the endemic nature of FMD in Nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. To address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Wild animals were immobilized using a combination of etorphine hydrochloride (M99® Krüger-Med South Africa) at 0.5-2?mg/kg and azaperone (Stresnil®, Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Pty.) Ltd., South Africa) at 0.1?mg/kg using a Dan-Inject® rifle (Dan-Inject APS, Sellerup Skovvej, Denmark) fitted with a 3?ml dart syringe and for reversal, naltrexone (Trexonil® Kruger-Med South Africa) at 1.5?mg IM was used, and cattle were restrained by the owners for blood collection. Harvested sera from blood were screened for presence of antibodies against the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) using the PrioCHECK® 3ABC NSP ELISA kit, and positive samples were serotyped using solid-phase competitive ELISA, (IZSLER Brescia, Italy). Out of the 353 sera collected from cattle and wildlife 197 (65.7%) and 13 (24.5%) (P < 0.05), respectively, tested positive for antibodies to the highly conserved nonstructural 3ABC protein of FMDV by the FMDV-NS blocking ELISA. Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed that detectable antibodies to FMDV were higher (P < 0.05) in White Fulani 157 (72.8%) than in Red Bororo 23 (39.7%) and Sokoto Gudali 17 (33.3%) breeds of cattle, whereas in females, detectable FMDV antibodies were higher (P < 0.05) 150 (72.8%) than in males 47 (50.0%). In the wildlife species, antibodies to FMDV were detected in the waterbucks 2 (28.6%), elephant 1 (25.0%), wildebeests 4 (33.3%), and elands 6 (25.0%). Four serotypes of FMDV: O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 were detected from the 3ABC positive reactors in waterbucks, elephants, wildebeests, and elands. The results showed presence of antibodies to FMDV in some wildlife and cattle and suggested that wildlife could equally play an important role in the overall epidemiology of FMD in Nigeria. FMD surveillance system, control, and prevention program should be intensified in the study area.

Project description:BackgroundNursing documentation is an essential component of nursing practice and has the potential to improve patient care outcomes. Poor documentation of nursing care activities among nurses has been shown to have negative impacts on healthcare quality.ObjectiveTo assess the nursing documentation practice and its associated factors among nurses working in the North Shewa Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia.MethodAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the North Shewa Zone public hospitals. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 421 nurses. A pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to gather the data. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1, and SPSS version 25 was used for further analysis. Binary logistic regressions were performed to identify the independent predictors of nursing documentation practice. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated and a p-value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered as statistically significant.ResultA total of 421 respondents took part, giving the survey a 100% response rate. The overall good practice of nursing care documentation was 51.1%, 95% CI (46.6, 55.8). In addition, 43.2%, 95% CI (38.5, 48.0) and 35.6%, 95% CI (30.9, 40.1), of nurses had good knowledge of and favorable attitudes toward nursing care documentation. Availability of operational standards for nursing documentation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.64], availability of documenting sheets (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.29), and a monitoring system (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.41) were significantly associated with nursing care documentation practice.ConclusionNearly half of nursing care was not documented. The practice of nursing care documentation was significantly influenced by the availability of operational standards, documenting sheets, and monitoring systems. To improve the documentation practice, a continuous monitoring system and access to operational standards and documenting sheets are needed.

Project description:BackgroundMothers' satisfaction with care during childbirth is indicators of the quality care which affects skilled birth attendance. Negative client's experiences at health facilities cause them to delay or avoid seeking care, which highlights services providers should consider and act on the expectations and experiences of women and their families. Though there are few studies conducted in Ethiopia on maternal satisfaction with Labor and Delivery (LAD) services, there is no study conducted in the study area. Therefore the study aims to assess the mother's satisfaction with existing LAD services and associated factors at all levels of health care in the West Shewa zone.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities in West Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 560 respondents by using their delivery registration number and data were collected through face to face interview. Mothers were considered satisfied if they responded satisfied/very satisfied with 75% or more of the questions assessing satisfaction. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors.ResultsThe overall proportion of mothers who were satisfied with the current LAD care services were 60.8%. The main areas of dissatisfaction were; accessibility and cleanness of toilets/shower 72.6%, overall cleanness of the facility/including waiting-area 40.1% and presence of support a person during birth 38.0%. The presence of cultural practices (AOR = 2.5), discussion on the place of delivery with health worker during ANC (AOR = 1.75), providers asks for consent before procedure (AOR = 2.77), encouraging companion to remain with mother (AOR = 2.22), never leave mother alone or unattended (AOR = 2.56), giving periodic updates on status and progress of labor (AOR = 2.04) and explaining what is being done and to expect during LAD (AOR = 2.20) were factors identified to be significantly associated with satisfaction on LAD services.ConclusionThe overall satisfaction of mothers with LAD services at public health facilities in the West-Shewa zone was relatively low. Presence of cultural practices, discussion on the place of delivery, asking for consent before the procedure, encouraging companion to remain with mothers and explaining what is being done were factors identified. Therefore, all stakeholders have to emphatically work on those identified factors to improve mothers' satisfaction with LAD services.

Dataset Information

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Publications

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

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