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Is long-term PM1 exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Air pollution has been shown to be associated with blood lipid levels. However, studies on long-term ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ?1 ?m (PM1) exposure in high-exposure areas are still limited. This study aimed to explore the associations among long-term PM1 exposure, blood lipids and dyslipidemias. METHODS:Baseline data of The Henan Rural Cohort study was used in present study, including a total of 39,259 participants aged from 18 to 79 years. Daily levels of PM1 were estimated by a spatiotemporal model using ground-level measurements of PM1, satellite remote sensing data and other predictors, according to participants' home addresses. Individual exposure to PM1 was the 3-year average before baseline investigation. Linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations among PM1, blood lipids ((total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)), and prevalence of dyslipidemias. RESULTS:The 3-year concentration of PM1 was 55.7 ± 2.1 ?g/m3. Each 1 ?g/m3 increment of PM1 was associated with an increase of 0.21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11%-0.31%) in TC and 0.75% (95% CI: 0.61%-0.90%) in LDL-C, while decrease of 2.68% (95% CI: 2.43%-2.93%) in TG and 0.47% (95% CI: 0.35%-0.59%) in HDL-C. Each 1 ?g/m3 increase in PM1 was associated with 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%), 3% (95% CI: 2%-5%) and 5% (95% CI: 3%-7%) higher risks of hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Sex, age and BMI statistically modified the associations between PM1 with blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias. CONCLUSIONS:Higher PM1 exposure was associated with adverse changes of blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias. Males, older and overweight participants were susceptive to the adverse effects of PM1.

SUBMITTER: Mao S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7152799 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Is long-term PM<sub>1</sub> exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

Mao Shuyuan S Li Shanshan S Wang Chongjian C Liu Yisi Y Li Na N Liu Feifei F Huang Shuqiong S Liu Suyang S Lu Yuanan Y Mao Zhenxing Z Huo Wenqian W Chen Gongbo G Xiang Hao H Guo Yuming Y

Environment international 20200308

<h4>Background</h4>Air pollution has been shown to be associated with blood lipid levels. However, studies on long-term ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM<sub>1</sub>) exposure in high-exposure areas are still limited. This study aimed to explore the associations among long-term PM<sub>1</sub> exposure, blood lipids and dyslipidemias.<h4>Methods</h4>Baseline data of The Henan Rural Cohort study was used in present study, including a total of 39,259 participants aged f ...[more]

PMID: 32155508

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Project description:BackgroundThe epidemiological evidence on relationships between long-term exposure to particulate matter and hypertension and blood pressure has been inconclusive. Limited evidence was available for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter???1??m (PM1) in rural areas of developing countries.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between long-term exposure to PM1 and hypertension and blood pressure among rural Chinese population.MethodsThis study included 39,259 participants who had completed the baseline survey from Henan Rural Cohort. Participants' exposure to PM1 was assessed by a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. The binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association between long-term PM1 exposure and hypertension, and multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the associations between long-term PM1 exposure and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). Moreover, we examined potential effect modifications by demographic, lifestyle and diet factors.ResultsThe mean concentration of PM1 for all participants during the 3-year before baseline survey was 59.98??g/m3. Each 1??g/m3 increase in PM1 concentration was significantly associated with an increase of 4.3% [Odds ratio(OR)?=?1.043, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.033, 1.053] in odds for hypertension, an increase of 0.401?mm?Hg (95% CI, 0.335, 0.467), 0.328?mm?Hg (95% CI, 0.288, 0.369), 0.353?mm?Hg (95% CI, 0.307, 0.399) and 0.073?mm?Hg (95% CI, 0.030, 0.116) in SBP, DBP, MAP and PP, respectively. Further stratified analyses showed that the effect of PM1 on hypertension and blood pressure could be modified by sex, lifestyle and diet.ConclusionsThis study suggests that long-term exposure to ambient PM1 increases the risk of hypertension and is associated with elevations in blood pressure in rural Chinese adults, especially in male and those with unhealthy habits.

Project description:IntroductionLong-term exposure to ambient air pollution is related to major cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and overweight, but with few studies in high-concentration nations like China so far. We aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM2.5) and major cardiovascular risk factors in China.MethodsAdult participants with selected biochemical tests were recruited from the Chinese Physiological Constant and Health Condition (CPCHC) survey conducted from 2007 to 2011. Gridded PM2.5 data used were derived from satellite-observed data with adjustment of ground-observed data. District-level PM2.5 data were generated to estimate the association using multivariate logistic regression model and generalized additive model.ResultsA total of 19,236 participants from the CPCHC survey were included with an average age of 42.8 ± 16.1 years, of which nearly half were male (47.0%). The annual average PM2.5 exposure before the CPCHC survey was 33.4 (14.8-53.4) μg/m3, ranging from 8.0 μg/m3 (Xiwuqi) to 94.7 μg/m3 (Chengdu). Elevated PM2.5 was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) =1.022, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.001, 1.043) and decreased prevalence of overweight (OR = 0.926, 95%CI: 0.910, 0.942). Education significantly interacted with PM2.5 in association with all the interesting risk factors. Each 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes (OR = 1.118, 95%CI: 1.037, 1.206), hypertension (OR = 1.101, 95%CI: 1.056, 1.147), overweight (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.030, 1.114) in participants with poor education, but not in well-educated population. PM2.5 exposure was negatively associated with hyperlipidemia in all participants (OR = 0.939, 95%CI: 0.921, 0.957). The results were robust in all the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionAssociation between long-term PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular risk factors might be modified by education. PM2.5 was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and overweight in a less-educated population with time-expose dependency. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 might be associated with a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia.

Project description:Exposure to air pollution has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but most research has focused on short-term (hours, days, or months) exposures at relatively low concentrations. We examined the associations between long-term (3-year average) concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 and household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels with BP and hypertension in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Outdoor PM2.5 exposures were estimated at year of enrollment for 137,809 adults aged 35-70 years from 640 urban and rural communities in 21 countries using satellite and ground-based methods. Primary use of solid fuel for cooking was used as an indicator of HAP exposure, with analyses restricted to rural participants (n = 43,313) in 27 study centers in 10 countries. BP was measured following a standardized procedure and associations with air pollution examined with mixed-effect regression models, after adjustment for a comprehensive set of potential confounding factors. Baseline outdoor PM2.5 exposure ranged from 3 to 97 μg/m3 across study communities and was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.07) for hypertension, per 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration. This association demonstrated non-linearity and was strongest for the fourth (PM2.5 > 62 μg/m3) compared to the first (PM2.5 < 14 μg/m3) quartiles (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.69). Similar non-linear patterns were observed for systolic BP (β = 2.15 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.59, 4.89) and diastolic BP (β = 1.35, 95% CI: -0.20, 2.89), while there was no overall increase in ORs across the full exposure distribution. Individuals who used solid fuels for cooking had lower BP measures compared to clean fuel users (e.g. 34% of solid fuels users compared to 42% of clean fuel users had hypertension), and even in fully adjusted models had slightly decreased odds of hypertension (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and reductions in systolic (-0.51 mmHg; 95% CI: -0.99, -0.03) and diastolic (-0.46 mmHg; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.18) BP. In this large international multi-center study, chronic exposures to outdoor PM2.5 was associated with increased BP and hypertension while there were small inverse associations with HAP.

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Is long-term PM1 exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

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Is long-term PM<sub>1</sub> exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

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