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The Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Gas Sensor With Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Detection in the High-Voltage Transformers.

ABSTRACT: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely discussed and applied as novel gas sensing nanomaterials. Hydrogen is one of the remarkable fault characteristic gases in high-voltage oil-paper insulated transformers. In this paper, 3.07 wt% Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were used to decorate SWCNTs. The unloaded, the carboxylated, and the Pd-doped SWCNTs were fabricated into three planar gas sensors, and their gas sensing properties to hydrogen were studied. Gas sensing mechanism was analyzed. Results show that the optimal operating temperature of a Pd-doped SWCNTs-based gas sensor is 125°C lower than that of the unloaded SWCNTs-based gas sensor, and it shows the highest gas sensing response value. This is attributed to the decreasing work function of Pd, which reduces the hole carries in the nanotubes.

SUBMITTER: Tang S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7154150 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Gas Sensor With Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Detection in the High-Voltage Transformers.

Tang Sirui S Chen Weigen W Zhang He H Song Zihao Z Li Yanqiong Y Wang Yu Y

Frontiers in chemistry 20200407

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely discussed and applied as novel gas sensing nanomaterials. Hydrogen is one of the remarkable fault characteristic gases in high-voltage oil-paper insulated transformers. In this paper, 3.07 wt% Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were used to decorate SWCNTs. The unloaded, the carboxylated, and the Pd-doped SWCNTs were fabricated into three planar gas sensors, and their gas sensing properties to hydrogen were studied. Gas sensing mechanism was analyzed. ...[more]

PMID: 32318537

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Project description:Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been used extensively for sensor fabrication due to its high surface to volume ratio, nanosized structure and interesting electronic property. Lack of selectivity is a major limitation for SWNTs-based sensors. However, surface modification of SWNTs with a suitable molecular recognition system can enhance the sensitivity. On the other hand, porphyrins have been widely investigated as functional materials for chemical sensor fabrication due to their several unique and interesting physico-chemical properties. Structural differences between free-base and metal substituted porphyrins make them suitable for improving selectivity of sensors. However, their poor conductivity is an impediment in fabrication of prophyrin-based chemiresistor sensors. The present attempt is to resolve these issues by combining freebase- and metallo-porphyrins with SWNTs to fabricate SWNTs-porphyrin hybrid chemiresistor sensor arrays for monitoring volatile organic carbons (VOCs) in air. Differences in sensing performance were noticed for porphyrin with different functional group and with different central metal atom. The mechanistic study for acetone sensing was done using field-effect transistor (FET) measurements and revealed that the sensing mechanism of ruthenium octaethyl porphyrin hybrid device was governed by electrostatic gating effect, whereas iron tetraphenyl porphyrin hybrid device was governed by electrostatic gating and Schottky barrier modulation in combination. Further, the recorded electronic responses for all hybrid sensors were analyzed using a pattern-recognition analysis tool. The pattern-recognition analysis confirmed a definite pattern in response for different hybrid material and could efficiently differentiate analytes from one another. This discriminating capability of the hybrid nanosensor devices open up the possibilities for further development of highly dense nanosensor array with suitable porphyrin for E-nose application.

Project description:This study investigated the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) from produced water by batch adsorption process using adsorbents developed from Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNTs, synthesized by catalytic chemical vapour deposition method using kaolin-supported tri-metallic (iron-cobalt-nickel) catalyst were purified by H2SO4/HNO3 and then functionalized with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid N-hydroxyl succinimidyl ester (PSE). The raw, purified and functionalized MWCNTs were characterized by High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In the results, HRSEM/HRTEM revealed the structure, purity and also confirmed the attachment of the PSE molecule onto the nano-adsorbent(s). The BET surface areas of MWCNTs, PMWCNTs and FMWCNTs were 970.17, 869.25 and 831.80 m2/g, respectively while the FTIR established the existence of surface functional groups. The functionalized MWCNTs (FMWCNTs) nano-adsorbent showed superior performance efficiency (93.6%) than the purified MWCNTs (PMWCNTs) (79.2%) as examined under the same batch adsorption condition: 0.02 g adsorbent dosage, 10-90 min contact time and 30 °C solution temperature probably, due the improved wettability resulted from incorporation of PSE. Subsequently, Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the process parameters for the sorption of TOC onto FMWCNTs. The CCD in the response surface methodology predicted 260 mg/g adsorption capacity of FMWCNTs in the removal of TOC at the optimum condition of 49.70 min contact time, 34.81 °C solution temperature, and 0.02 g adsorbent dosage. The kinetics data were best described by pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamic parameters suggested that the process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. It can be inferred from the various analysis conducted that the developed FMWCNTs nano-adsorbent is effective for removal of TOC from oil-produced water and may be explored for removal of organic contaminants from other industrial wastewater.

Dataset Information

The Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Gas Sensor With Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Detection in the High-Voltage Transformers.

Publications

The Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Gas Sensor With Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Detection in the High-Voltage Transformers.

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