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Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities.

ABSTRACT: Desert truffles have high nutritional value and grow wild in the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Although, many studies were performed to evaluate truffles nutritious values and phytochemical composition, studies are limited to evaluate their anticancer and/ or immunomodulatory effects. Our study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Terfezia boudieri (desert truffle). Different solvent extracts were prepared from the truffle and MTT assay was used to measure their anticancer activity against cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HCT-116, and Hela). Total phenolic content in each extract was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. The degree of apoptosis induction (using caspase 3 assay) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using standard kits. Also, ELISA was used to measure levels of IFN-?, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 secreted by splenocytes after treatment with the extracts. The effect of the extracts on splenocytes proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis function was evaluated using neutral red method. Terpenoids, phytosterols, and carbohydrates were present in all the solvent extracts, while tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected only in aqueous/methanol and aqueous extracts. The highest total phenolic content was observed in aqueous and aqueous methanol extracts. The growth of cancer cell lines was inhibited by T. boudieri extracts in a dose dependent manner. N-hexane extract was the most potent against most cell lines. Aqueous/methanol extract showed high apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. An increase in TH1 cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2) level and a decrease in TH2 cytokine (IL-4) level were evident after lymphocytes stimulation by aqueous/methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of T. boudieri. Ethyl acetate extract of T. boudieri were the most potent extracts to stimulate lymphocytes proliferation while all other extracts showed moderate stimulation. Aqueous/methanol extract was the most active extract to stimulate phagocytosis. Ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract to stimulate pinocytosis. The use of T. boudieri provides variable health benefits. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous/methanol extracts exhibited anticancer activities and are potent stimulators of innate and acquired immunity. Further testing is needed to identify the biologically active compounds and detect them quantitatively using GC-MS analysis.

SUBMITTER: Al Obaydi MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7156637 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Terfezia boudieri</i>: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities.

Al Obaydi Maha Farid MF Hamed Wafaa M WM Al Kury Lina T LT Talib Wamidh H WH

Frontiers in nutrition 20200408

Desert truffles have high nutritional value and grow wild in the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia. Although, many studies were performed to evaluate truffles nutritious values and phytochemical composition, studies are limited to evaluate their anticancer and/ or immunomodulatory effects. Our study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of <i>Terfezia boudieri</i> (desert truffle). Different solvent extracts were prepared from the truffle and MTT assay was used ...[more]

PMID: 32322585

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Project description:BackgroundFrom the earliest times, manna has been widely used as a tasty local sweet or folk medicine. The type of manna being investigated in the present study is called Gaz-alafi, a mixture of insect and Quercus brantii leaves secretions from oak forests in the north of Iraq and west of Iran.MethodsAqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared as decoction. Various phytochemical tests were conducted to analyze manna composition, including total phenolic contents using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and LC-MS. Gallic acid and catechin were detected in both extracts, in addition to tiliroside presence in ethanol extract, which added more value to the phenolic content of ethanol extract. Cytotoxic activities of Gaz alafi were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines and compared to normal cell lines and doxorubicin using the MTT assay. Antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans using the dilution method of the micro-titer plate. Serum levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. The effect of extracts on splenocyte proliferation was evaluated using the lymphocytes proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, whereas pinocytosis was evaluated using the neutral red uptake assay. Ten days after tumor inoculation, changes in tumor size, survival rates, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were measured.ResultsThe growth of cancer cells was inhibited by Gaz alafi ethanol extract. An alteration in IFN- γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels toward antiproliferation immune response were reported for both extracts. The aqueous extract efficiently stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis, followed by the ethanol extracts with moderate activity. After treating the mice with ethanol extracts, a significant reduction in tumor size and several undetected tumors were recorded.ConclusionsGaz alafi extracts (aqueous and ethanol) are promising sources for anticancer and immunostimulatory agents. Further studies are needed to fully identify the chemical composition of Gaz alafi extracts.

Project description:BackgroundFermented Aloe leaf juice is a commonly used food supplement in Japan. In a previous study, fermentation of A. arborescence juice was performed and the presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was confirmed and quantified. Samples were collected before and after the fermentation process to be subjected, in the present study, to DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 regions) amplification, and sequencing by the next-generation Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Our work aims to analyze the sequences to assess the bacterial diversity in the juice before and after fermentation, identify the beneficial microbes responsible for the production of SCFAs, and evaluate some of the biological activities of the fermented juice.ResultsData revealed the richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the fermented juice compared to the unfermented control. Relative abundance of bacterial phyla showed that the majority of the microbial community in the test samples corresponded to Pseudomonadota (unfermented; 10.4%, fermented; 76.36%), followed by Bacillota (unfermented; 4.71%, fermented; 17.13%) and then Bacteroidota (unfermented; 0.57%, fermented; 1.64%). For the fermented sample, 84% of Bacillota were lactobacilli. A hierarchically clustered heatmap revealed that Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in both samples suggesting its involvement in the production of SCFAs. To assess potential health benefits, the anticancer efficacy of the fermented product of A. arborescens was investigated against colorectal cancer (IC50 = 3.5 µg/ml) and liver cancer (IC50 = 6.367 µg/ml) compared to the normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle pattern revealed remarkable population arrest in G0 and G1, however, the highest percentages were mainly in the G1 phase for Hep-G2 (40.1%) and HCT-116 (53.2%) cell lines. This effect was accompanied by early apoptotic profiles of HCT-116 (36.9%) and late apoptosis for Hep-G2 (17.3%). Furthermore, immunomodulatory properties demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.001) reduced percentage of induced TNF-α while enhancing IFN-γ dramatically. For antimicrobial activities, marked broad-spectrum activities were recorded against some bacterial and fungal pathogens (17-37 mm inhibition zone diameter range).ConclusionTherefore, this study affords the basis of bacterial community composition in fermented A. arborescens juice as well as its potential biological benefits.

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Terfezia boudieri: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities.

Publications

<i>Terfezia boudieri</i>: A Desert Truffle With Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities.

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