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Down syndrome and parental depression: A double hit on early expressive language development.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Down syndrome (DS) is often characterised by intellectual disability with particular difficulties in expressive language. However, large individual differences exist in expressive language across development in DS. In the general population, one of the factors associated with variability in this domain is parental depression. We investigated whether this is also the case in young children with DS. METHODS:Thirty-eight children with DS between 8 and 48 months of age participated in this study. Their parents reported on the children's receptive and expressive vocabularies (MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory) and on parental depression. Furthermore, an experimenter-led standardized developmental assessment (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) was administered to the children to test five domains: gross motor, fine motor, visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language. RESULTS:A cross-sectional developmental trajectories analysis demonstrated that expressive language developed at a slower rate in children with DS whose parent reported depression than in those whose parent did not. No differences between groups were found in any other domain. CONCLUSION:Parental depression is associated with slower rate of expressive language development in young children with DS. These findings suggest that DS and parental depression may constitute a double hit leading to increased difficulties in the development of expressive language.

SUBMITTER: D'Souza H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7167510 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Down syndrome and parental depression: A double hit on early expressive language development.

D'Souza Hana H Lathan Amanda A Karmiloff-Smith Annette A Mareschal Denis D

Research in developmental disabilities 20200316

<h4>Background and aims</h4>Down syndrome (DS) is often characterised by intellectual disability with particular difficulties in expressive language. However, large individual differences exist in expressive language across development in DS. In the general population, one of the factors associated with variability in this domain is parental depression. We investigated whether this is also the case in young children with DS.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty-eight children with DS between 8 and 48 months of ...[more]

PMID: 32192950

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Project description:BackgroundWhile it has been implied that an infant's exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset-early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)-is relevant in this context.ObjectiveTo examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age).MethodsThis longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis.ExposuresEarly- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Main outcomes and measuresExpressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates.ResultsResults from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [-0.888 to -0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD.ConclusionExposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.

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Down syndrome and parental depression: A double hit on early expressive language development.

Publications

Down syndrome and parental depression: A double hit on early expressive language development.

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