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Differential expression of serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases: specific or nonspecific signatures.

ABSTRACT: Apart from direct detection of the infecting organisms or biomarker of the pathogen itself, surrogate host markers are also useful for sensitive and early diagnosis of pathogenic infections. Early detection of pathogenic infections, discrimination among closely related diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, and monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by analyzing blood biomarkers. Therefore, over the last decade large numbers of proteomics studies have been conducted to identify differentially expressed human serum/plasma proteins in different infectious diseases with the intent of discovering novel potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. However, in-depth review of the literature indicates that many reported biomarkers are altered in the same way in multiple infectious diseases, regardless of the type of infection. This might be a consequence of generic acute phase reactions, while the uniquely modulated candidates in different pathogenic infections could be indicators of some specific responses. In this review article, we will provide a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases and categorize the protein markers associated with generic or specific responses. The challenges associated with the discovery, validation, and translational phases of serum/plasma biomarker establishment are also discussed.

SUBMITTER: Ray S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7168033 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential expression of serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases: specific or nonspecific signatures.

Ray Sandipan S Patel Sandip K SK Kumar Vipin V Damahe Jagruti J Srivastava Sanjeeva S

Proteomics. Clinical applications 20131227 1-2

Apart from direct detection of the infecting organisms or biomarker of the pathogen itself, surrogate host markers are also useful for sensitive and early diagnosis of pathogenic infections. Early detection of pathogenic infections, discrimination among closely related diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, and monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by analyzing blood biomarkers. Therefore, over the last decade large numbers of proteomics studies have been conducted to ide ...[more]

PMID: 24293340

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Metabolites that are direct read-outs of the functional status of cells, tissues, and organs can be more closely associated with phenotype compared to other omics profiles. Previous studies showed the analytical validity of metabolomic platforms and demonstrated a utility in interpreting the impact of genetic variants.METHODS: To explore the utility of metabolomics in the context of precision medicine, we used an untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy to characterize plasma samples collected from generally healthy individuals and a deeply phenotyped cohort with various pediatric diseases.RESULTS: A total of 1244 metabolites including 224 xenobiotic compounds were quantitatively measured for 169 individuals and thus revealed complex correlation structure within and between metabolic pathways. As proofs-of-concept, perturbations of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolic pathways in a patient with phenylketonuria and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus were recapitulated as well as highlighting other biomarkers such as 1,5−anhydroglucitol for monitoring glycemic control. We discovered multiple metabolites that were significantly associated with different diseases using an exposome-wide association analysis framework. Amino acids showed significantly changed in patients with congenital heart diseases, and multiple lipid compounds were significant for Crohn’s disease. Notably, gut microbial products showed different concentrations with the use of antibiotics. Each xenobiotic compound showed a distinct correlation pattern with endogenous metabolites.CONCLUSIONS: Untargeted metabolomics could be a powerful precision medicine platform in itself or in combination with WES. The impact of exogenous exposures such as microbial products, drugs and environmental toxicants can be directly estimated by monitoring internal exposome, enabling the discovery of novel diagnosis and treatment biomarkers in diverse diseases. A repository of metabolomics data is required, which will enable the comparison between different platforms and concentrations of thousands of metabolites across individuals.

Project description:BackgroundIf the different transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases according to the type of confined space and associated factors could be discovered, this kind of information will be an important basis for devising future quarantine policies. However, no comprehensive systematic review or meta-analysis for this topic exists.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyze different transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases according to the type of confined space. This information will be an important basis for devising future quarantine policies.MethodsA medical librarian searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (until December 01, 2020).ResultsA total of 147 articles were included. The risk of transmission in all types of confined spaces was approximately 3 times higher than in open space (combined RR, 2.95 (95% CI 2.62-3.33)). Among them, school or workplace showed the highest transmission risk (combined RR, 3.94 (95% CI 3.16-4.90)). Notably, in the sub-analysis for SARS-CoV-2, residential space and airplane were the riskiest space (combined RR, 8.30 (95% CI 3.30-20.90) and 7.30 (95% CI 1.15-46.20), respectively).DiscussionBased on the equation of the total number of contacts, the order of transmission according to the type of confined space was calculated. The calculated order was similar to the observed order in this study. The transmission risks in confined spaces can be lowered by reducing each component of the aforementioned equation. However, as seen in the data for SARS-CoV-2, the closure of one type of confined space could increase the population density in another confined space. The authority of infection control should consider this paradox. Appropriate quarantine measures targeted for specific types of confined spaces with a higher risk of transmission, school or workplace for general pathogens, and residential space/airplane for SARS-CoV-2 can reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.

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Differential expression of serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases: specific or nonspecific signatures.

Publications

Differential expression of serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases: specific or nonspecific signatures.

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