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Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains.

ABSTRACT: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which re-emerged in China in October 2010, has spread rapidly worldwide. Detailed analyses of the complete genomes of different PEDV strains are essential to understand the relationships among re-emerging and historic strains worldwide. Here, we analysed the complete genomes of 409 strains from different countries, which were classified into five subgroup strains (i.e., GI-a, GI-b, GII-a, GII-b, and GII-c). Phylogenetic study of different genes in the PEDV strains revealed that the newly discovered subgroup GII-c exhibited inconsistent topologies between the spike gene and other genes. Furthermore, recombination analysis indicated that GII-c viruses evolved from a recombinant virus that acquired the 5' part of the spike gene from the GI-a subgroup and the remaining genomic regions from the GII-a subgroup. Molecular clock analysis showed that divergence of the GII-c subgroup spike gene occurred in April 2010, suggesting that the subgroup originated from recombination events before the PEDV re-emergence outbreaks. Interestingly, Ascaris suum, a large roundworm occurring in pigs, was found to be an unusual PEDV host, providing potential support for cross-host transmission. This study has significant implications for understanding ongoing global PEDV outbreaks and will guide future efforts to develop effective preventative measures against PEDV.

SUBMITTER: Guo J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7168555 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:UnlabelledPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. These two viruses belong to two distinct species of the Alphacoronavirus genus within Coronaviridae and induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. In the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype PEDV CV777 strain, three distinct U.S. PEDV strains (the original highly virulent PC22A, S indel Iowa106, and S 197del PC177), and two representative U.S. TGEV strains (Miller and Purdue) were conducted by cell culture immunofluorescent (CCIF) and viral neutralization (VN) assays. None of the pig TGEV antisera neutralized PEDV and vice versa. One-way cross-reactions were observed by CCIF between TGEV Miller hyperimmune pig antisera and all PEDV strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies and Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant PEDV and TGEV nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and sequence analysis suggested at least one epitope on the N-terminal region of PEDV/TGEV N protein that contributed to this cross-reactivity. Biologically, PEDV strain CV777 induced greater cell fusion in Vero cells than did U.S. PEDV strains. Consistent with the reported genetic differences, the results of CCIF and VN assays also revealed higher antigenic variation between PEDV CV777 and U.S. strains.ImportanceEvidence of antigenic cross-reactivity between porcine enteric coronaviruses, PEDV and TGEV, in CCIF assays supports the idea that these two species are evolutionarily related, but they are distinct species defined by VN assays. Identification of PEDV- or TGEV-specific antigenic regions allows the development of more specific immunoassays for each virus. Antigenic and biologic variations between the prototype and current PEDV strains could explain, at least partially, the recurrence of PEDV epidemics. Information on the conserved antigenicity among PEDV strains is important for the development of PEDV vaccines to protect swine from current highly virulent PEDV infections.

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Evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains.

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