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Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance.

ABSTRACT: In many developing countries, aquaculture is key to ensuring food security for millions of people. It is thus important to measure the full implications of environmental changes on the sustainability of aquaculture. We conduct a double meta-analysis (460 articles) to explore how global warming and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) impact aquaculture. We calculate a Multi-Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) of aquaculture-related bacteria (11,274 isolates) for 40 countries, of which mostly low- and middle-income countries present high AMR levels. Here we show that aquaculture MAR indices correlate with MAR indices from human clinical bacteria, temperature and countries' climate vulnerability. We also find that infected aquatic animals present higher mortalities at warmer temperatures. Countries most vulnerable to climate change will probably face the highest AMR risks, impacting human health beyond the aquaculture sector, highlighting the need for urgent action. Sustainable solutions to minimise antibiotic use and increase system resilience are therefore needed.

SUBMITTER: Reverter M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7170852 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance.

Reverter Miriam M Sarter Samira S Caruso Domenico D Avarre Jean-Christophe JC Combe Marine M Pepey Elodie E Pouyaud Laurent L Vega-Heredía Sarahi S de Verdal Hugues H Gozlan Rodolphe E RE

Nature communications 20200420 1

In many developing countries, aquaculture is key to ensuring food security for millions of people. It is thus important to measure the full implications of environmental changes on the sustainability of aquaculture. We conduct a double meta-analysis (460 articles) to explore how global warming and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) impact aquaculture. We calculate a Multi-Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) of aquaculture-related bacteria (11,274 isolates) for 40 countries, of which mostly low- and mi ...[more]

PMID: 32312964

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Project description:Globally aquaculture contributes 8% of animal protein intake to the human diet, and per capita consumption is increasing faster than meat and dairy consumption. Reports have documented antimicrobial use in the rapidly expanding aquaculture industry, which may contribute to the rise of antimicrobial resistance, carrying potential consequences for animal-, human-, and ecosystem-health. However, quantitative antimicrobial use across a highly diversified aquaculture industry is not well characterized. Here, we estimate global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture in 2017 and 2030 to help target future surveillance efforts and antimicrobial stewardship policies. We estimate antimicrobial use intensity (mg kg-1) for six species groups though a systematic review of point prevalence surveys, which identified 146 species-specific antimicrobial use rates. We project antimicrobial use in each country by combining mean antimicrobial use coefficients per species group with OECD/FAO Agricultural Outlook and FAO FishStat production volumes. We estimate global antimicrobial consumption in 2017 at 10,259 tons (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3163-44,727 tons), increasing 33% to 13,600 tons in 2030 (UI 4193-59,295). The Asia-Pacific region represents the largest share (93.8%) of global consumption, with China alone contributing 57.9% of global consumption in 2017. Antimicrobial consumption intensity per species group was: catfish, 157 mg kg-1 (UI 9-2751); trout, 103 mg kg-1 (UI 5-1951); tilapia, 59 mg kg-1 (UI 21-169); shrimp, 46 mg kg-1 (UI 10-224); salmon, 27 mg kg-1 (UI 17-41) and a pooled species group, 208 mg kg-1, (UI 70-622). All antimicrobial classes identified in the review are classified as medically important. We estimate aggregate global human, terrestrial and aquatic food animal antimicrobial use in 2030 at 236,757 tons (95% UI 145,525-421,426), of which aquaculture constitutes 5.7% but carries the highest use intensity per kilogram of biomass (164.8 mg kg-1). This analysis calls for a substantial scale-up of surveillance capacities to monitor global trends in antimicrobial use. Current evidence, while subject to considerable uncertainties, suggests that for some species groups antimicrobial use intensity surpasses consumption levels in terrestrial animals and humans. Acknowledging the fast-growing nature of aquaculture as an important source of animal nutrition globally, our findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship in a high-growth industry with broad links to water and ecosystem health.

Project description:In the context of global warming, heat tolerance is becoming a crucial physiological trait influencing fish species' distribution and survival. While our understanding of fish heat tolerance and stress has expanded from behavioral studies to transcriptomic analyses, knowledge at the transcriptomic level is still limited. Recently, the highly conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of heat stress in fish. This review systematically examines current research across three main reference databases to elucidate the universal responses and mechanisms of fish miRNAs under heat stress. Our initial screening of 569 articles identified 13 target papers for comprehensive analysis. Among these, at least 214 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were found, with 15 DEMs appearing in at least two studies (12 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated). The 15 recurrent DEMs were analyzed using DIANA mirPath v.3 and the microT-CDS v5.0 database to identify potential target genes. The results suggest that multiple miRNAs target various genes, forming a complex network that regulates glucose and energy metabolism, maintains homeostasis, and modulates inflammation and immune responses. Significantly, miR-1, miR-122, let-7a, and miR-30b were consistently differentially expressed in multiple studies, indicating their potential relevance in heat stress responses. However, these miRNAs should not be considered definitive biomarkers without further validation. Future research should focus on experimentally confirming their regulatory roles through functional assays, conducting transcriptomic comparisons across different species, and performing target validation studies. These miRNAs, conserved across species, could be valuable for monitoring wild fish health, enhancing aquaculture breeding, and guiding conservation strategies. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of these miRNAs need clarification to confirm their reliability as biomarkers for thermal stress.

Dataset Information

Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance.

Publications

Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance.

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