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Cell Cycle Progression Determines Wing Morph in the Polyphenic Insect Nilaparvata lugens.

ABSTRACT: Wing polyphenism is a phenomenon in which one genotype can produce two or more distinct wing phenotypes adapted to the particular environment. What remains unknown is how wing pad development is controlled downstream of endocrine signals such as insulin and JNK pathways. We show that genes important in cellular proliferation, cytokinesis, and cell cycle progression are necessary for growth and development of long wings. Wing pad cellular development of the long-winged morph was characterized by a highly structured epithelial layer with microvilli-like structures. Cells of adult short wing pads are largely in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, whereas those of long wings are largely in G1. Our study is the first to report the comparative developmental and cellular morphology and structure of the wing morphs and to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the cell cycle genes necessary for wing development of this unique, adaptive life history strategy.

SUBMITTER: Lin X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7170998 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell Cycle Progression Determines Wing Morph in the Polyphenic Insect Nilaparvata lugens.

Lin Xinda X Gao Han H Xu Yili Y Zhang Yuwei Y Li Yan Y Lavine Mark D MD Lavine Laura Corley LC

iScience 20200410 4

Wing polyphenism is a phenomenon in which one genotype can produce two or more distinct wing phenotypes adapted to the particular environment. What remains unknown is how wing pad development is controlled downstream of endocrine signals such as insulin and JNK pathways. We show that genes important in cellular proliferation, cytokinesis, and cell cycle progression are necessary for growth and development of long wings. Wing pad cellular development of the long-winged morph was characterized by ...[more]

PMID: 32315833

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Host quality induces phenotypic plasticity in a wing polyphenic insect.

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Driving Pest Insect Populations: Agricultural Chemicals Lead to an Adaptive Syndrome in Nilaparvata Lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

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| S-EPMC5120279 | biostudies-literature

Knockdown of midgut genes by dsRNA-transgenic plant-mediated RNA interference in the hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens.

Project description:BackgroundRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful technique for functional genomics research in insects. Transgenic plants producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directed against insect genes have been reported for lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, showing potential for field-level control of insect pests, but this has not been reported for other insect orders.Methodology/principal findingsThe Hemipteran insect brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a typical phloem sap feeder specific to rice (Oryza sativa L.). To analyze the potential of exploiting RNAi-mediated effects in this insect, we identified genes (Nlsid-1 and Nlaub) encoding proteins that might be involved in the RNAi pathway in N. lugens. Both genes are expressed ubiquitously in nymphs and adult insects. Three genes (the hexose transporter gene NlHT1, the carboxypeptidase gene Nlcar and the trypsin-like serine protease gene Nltry) that are highly expressed in the N. lugens midgut were isolated and used to develop dsRNA constructs for transforming rice. RNA blot analysis showed that the dsRNAs were transcribed and some of them were processed to siRNAs in the transgenic lines. When nymphs were fed on rice plants expressing dsRNA, levels of transcripts of the targeted genes in the midgut were reduced; however, lethal phenotypic effects after dsRNA feeding were not observed.ConclusionsOur study shows that genes for the RNAi pathway (Nlsid-1 and Nlaub) are present in N. lugens. When insects were fed on rice plant materials expressing dsRNAs, RNA interference was triggered and the target genes transcript levels were suppressed. The gene knockdown technique described here may prove to be a valuable tool for further investigations in N. lugens. The results demonstrate the potential of dsRNA-mediated RNAi for field-level control of planthoppers, but appropriate target genes must be selected when designing the dsRNA-transgenic plants.

| S-EPMC3105074 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulatory Mechanism of FoxO on Wing Dimorphism in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Project description:The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, can develop into either short-winged (SW) or long-winged (LW) adults according to environmental conditions, and has long served as a model organism for exploring the mechanisms of wing polyphenism in insects. The transcription factor NlFoxO acts as a master regulator that directs the development of either SW or LW morphs, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we microinjected SW-destined morphs with double stranded-RNA (dsRNA) targeting NlFoxO (dsNlFoxO) to change them into LW-winged morphs. In parallel, SW-destined morphs microinjected with dsRNA targeting the gene encoding green fluorescence protein (dsGfp) served as a negative control. The forewing and hindwing buds of 5th-instar nymphs collected at 24, 36, and 48 h after eclosion (hAE) were used for RNA sequencing. We obtained a minimum of 43.4 million clean reads from forewing and hindwing buds at a single developmental time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in various Gene Ontology (GO) terms, including cellular process, binding, and cell part. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis showed that up-regulated genes in dsNlFoxO-treated forewing and hindwing buds were largely associated with the cell cycle and DNA replication. Furthermore, most up-regulated genes displayed higher expression at 24-, and 36-hAE relative to 48 hAE, indicating that wing cells in LW-destined wings might actively proliferate during the first 36 h in 5th-instar nymphs. Our findings indicated that LW development in BPH was likely dependent on the duration of cell proliferation in the 5th-instar stage, which sheds light on the molecular basis of wing polymorphism in insects.

| S-EPMC8148023 | biostudies-literature

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